Example of ligands

Signal transduction pathways

cell signaling steps

TYPES OF EXTRACELLULAR SIGNALING SI

Cell surface receptors vs intracellular receptors

GEF and GAP

3 main classes of cell-surface receptors

alfa subunit of G-protein

G-proteins interact with...

Enzyme-coupled receptors

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)

RAS

MAP

Mitogen

Responses by acetylcholine in heart pacemaker cell, salivary gland cell and skeletal muscle cell

Fast vs slow pathway

Steroid hormones

Nuclear receptor

signaling by GTP-binding proteins

Exampels of signalling by protein phophorylation

Dephosphorylation happens by...

Gamma subunit

Cholera

cell responses mediated by adrenaline

Ca2+ canntrigger...

Example of a ca2+ responsive protein