Becca Shaw
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University Microbiology Quiz on Cyanobacterial Blooms, created by Becca Shaw on 30/04/2015.

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Becca Shaw
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Cyanobacterial Blooms

Question 1 of 28

1

Rapid overgrowth of cyanobacteria may occur due to

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increased nutrient content

  • Lower pH

  • Higher temperatures

  • A reduction in competition and predation

Explanation

Question 2 of 28

1

Nutrient exhaustion is associated with rapid death and decline, forming scum

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 28

1

The existence of cyanobacterial blooms are not related to climate change

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 28

1

What are the long-term consequences of cyanobacterial overgrowth?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increase in climate

  • Food web disruption

  • Decrease in biodiversity

  • Economic losses

Explanation

Question 5 of 28

1

What of the following nutrients are associated with cyanobacterial blooms?

Select one of the following:

  • Magnesium

  • Iron

  • Phosphate

  • Carbon

Explanation

Question 6 of 28

1

Which eukaryotic species overgrowth causes 'red tide'?

Select one of the following:

  • Microcystis aeruginosa

  • Karena brevis

  • Trichodesmium

  • Prochlorococcus marinus

Explanation

Question 7 of 28

1

How may a Harmful Algal Bloom cause indirect toxicity to organisms?

Select one of the following:

  • Generating a hypoxic or anoxic environment

  • Producing waste products

  • Increasing competition for resources

  • Releasing toxins

Explanation

Question 8 of 28

1

Microcystis aeruginosa and Trichodesmium are both eukaryotic organisms

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 28

1

People boating on high risk lakes reported symptoms of toxicity how much more/less frequently than others? (Approximately)

Select one of the following:

  • Three times as much

  • Twice as much

  • Half as much

  • No difference

Explanation

Question 10 of 28

1

Microcystis aeruginosa is a gram-negative species of bacteria

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 28

1

Microcystins enhance fluid uptake in fish causing increased toxicity which can lead to liver damage or cancer

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 28

1

What are the effects caused by a bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Nutrient content of water is increased

  • Selective predation occurs whereby the food web is disrupted

  • Water quality is decreased

  • Economic losses due to lack of fishing and tourism

Explanation

Question 13 of 28

1

Microcystis aeruginosa is made up of spherical cells, a flagellum and a gram-negative wall structure

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 28

1

What size is the genome of Microcystis aeruginosa? (Approximately)

Select one of the following:

  • 6 Mb

  • 4 Mb

  • 5 Mb

  • 2 Mb

Explanation

Question 15 of 28

1

Which of the following statements are true regarding gas vesicles in Microcystis aeruginosa?

Select one or more of the following:

  • They are produced during the night to bring the cell to the surface of the water

  • They are arranged in a pentagonal array

  • They reduce the surface area: cytoplasm ratio

  • They provide buoyancy for access to light

Explanation

Question 16 of 28

1

What are the names of the gas vesicle structural proteins?

Select one of the following:

  • GpB2, GpB3 and F270

  • SI3P and NNt3

  • P2f and Fn73

  • GvpA and GvpC

Explanation

Question 17 of 28

1

A cork and hammer experiment was conducted to mimic the effect of vesicle disruption due to sudden pressure change

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 28

1

Which of the following statements are true concerning algicides?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Their use is not feasible on a large scale

  • Algicide use is ineffective at destroying cyanobacterial blooms

  • Bacterial toxins may be released when the cells are destroyed during algicide treatment

  • None of the above are true

Explanation

Question 19 of 28

1

Sonication or hydrostatic pressure may be used as control measures for treating algal blooms as this has an effect on the buoyancy of gas vesicles

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 28

1

Which of the following are appropriate control measures in regards to cyanobacterial blooms?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increase mixing/flushing

  • Use of micropredators

  • Limit temperatures

  • Use of algicides

Explanation

Question 21 of 28

1

Which of the following statements about Microcystin-LR is false?

Select one of the following:

  • Peptide synthesis is non-ribosomal

  • Preferential uptake by liver transporter OATP

  • Released on lysis of cells

  • Cyclic hexapeptide

Explanation

Question 22 of 28

1

How does microcystin-LR cause liver damage?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inhibits protein PP2A

  • Causes damage due to reactive oxygen species and apoptosis

  • Inhibits protein phosphatase-1

  • Is transported by protein OAFP

Explanation

Question 23 of 28

1

During the day, what genes are transcribed by MIcrocystis aeruginosa?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Energy metabolism

  • Photosynthesis

  • DNA repair

  • DNA replication

Explanation

Question 24 of 28

1

During the night, what genes are transcribed by Microcystis aeruginosa?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Photosynthesis

  • Energy metabolism

  • DNA replication

  • DNA repair

Explanation

Question 25 of 28

1

Eutrophicaton due to hippo waste occurred in Kruger National Park, causing many unexpected animal deaths

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 28

1

The addition of chlorine to treat water in Brazil meant less people were affected by the HAB toxins

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 28

1

Microcystin-LR was produced by Microcystis bloom in Tabocas reservoir causing contaminated water to be distributed in Brazil

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 28

1

What serious health outcomes are associated with long-term exposure to cyanobacterial blooms?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Alzheimer's disease

  • Liver cancer

  • Emphysema

  • Parkinson's disease

Explanation

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