Taylor Campbell
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Quiz on ASTR 2020 Quiz 5, created by Taylor Campbell on 14/04/2015.

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Taylor Campbell
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ASTR 2020 Quiz 5

Question 1 of 55

1

The best-known example of a ring galaxy is the Cartwheel galaxy. This was likely formed by:

Select one of the following:

  • the merger of two spiral galaxies of equal mass.

  • an elliptical galaxy evolving into a spiral galaxy.

  • the head-on collision between a small galaxy and a disk galaxy.

  • a central black hole eating away at the center of the galaxy, producing a ring.

  • two equal-mass spiral galaxies interacting, producing tidal tails that resemble a ring.

Explanation

Question 2 of 55

1

A galaxy with a large bulge relative to the disk and tightly wrapped spiral arms is most likely a/an:

Select one of the following:

  • Sc galaxy.

  • E0 galaxy.

  • S0 galaxy.

  • Sd galaxy.

  • Sa galaxy.

Explanation

Question 3 of 55

1

Who was the first person to classify spiral and elliptical galaxies into sub-types according to their appearance?

Select one of the following:

  • Henrietta Leavitt.

  • Harlow Shapley.

  • Edwin Hubble.

  • William Herschel.

  • Robert Trumpler.

Explanation

Question 4 of 55

1

The long tails seen in visible light photographs of the Antennae galaxies were produced from:

Select one of the following:

  • tidal forces during the collision of two spiral galaxies.

  • tidal forces during the collision of two elliptical galaxies.

  • jets of charged particles from a massive black hole.

  • the head-on collision of a dwarf elliptical galaxy and a disk galaxy.

  • the galaxy probably originally formed in that shape, for unknown reasons.

Explanation

Question 5 of 55

1

When a small galaxy passes through the center of the disk of a large spiral galaxy, traveling in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the disk:

Select one of the following:

  • a ring galaxy is formed.

  • many of the stars in the two galaxies collide, causing numerous supernova.

  • all of the stars from the small galaxy fall into the central black hole of the larger galaxy.

  • an elliptical galaxy is formed.

  • the small galaxy hits the large galaxy, and bounces back in the direction it came from.

Explanation

Question 6 of 55

1

The Hubble Tuning Fork diagram is:

Select one of the following:

  • a plot of velocity vs. distance.

  • a diagram showing the different types of galaxies, in order from ellipticals to irregulars.

  • a map of the Local Group.

  • a plot of velocity vs. Right Ascension.

  • a `slice of the Universe' plot.

Explanation

Question 7 of 55

1

Rotation curves of galaxies are plots of:

Select one of the following:

  • Orbital period vs. Hubble type.

  • Number of stars vs. distance from center.

  • Circular orbital velocity vs. distance from center.

  • Hubble type vs. roundness of shape.

  • Hubble type vs. circular orbital velocity.

Explanation

Question 8 of 55

1

The massive black hole in the center of our galaxy is called:

Select one of the following:

  • Cygnus X-1.

  • The Schwarzchild object.

  • L.G.M.

  • RR Lyrae.

  • Sagittarius A*.

Explanation

Question 9 of 55

1

Collisions between galaxies:

Select one of the following:

  • cause large numbers of stars to collide, and therefore explode.

  • turn ellipticals into spirals.

  • may trigger the formation of many new stars.

  • almost never occur.

  • may occur, but there is no evidence for them.

Explanation

Question 10 of 55

1

An Sb galaxy is:

Select one of the following:

  • a giant elliptical galaxy with huge megaparsec-long jets shooting out of the center.

  • a galaxy similar to the Milky Way.

  • a spiral galaxy with an extremely luminous nucleus.

  • a spiral galaxy with a pulsar in the center.

  • a pair of galaxies connected by a stellar bridge, with long stellar tails extending out into space.

Explanation

Question 11 of 55

1

Evidence for dark matter in the Universe includes:

Select one of the following:

  • lots of gamma rays coming from random directions in the sky.

  • the fast orbital velocities of the planets around the Sun.

  • the fast orbital velocities of gas and stars in the outer part of the Milky Way.

  • there is no observational evidence for dark matter; it is just a theoretical idea.

  • the existence of pulsars.

Explanation

Question 12 of 55

1

The ring-like structure of the Cartwheel galaxy was probably formed by:

Select one of the following:

  • a massive black hole in the center of the galaxy devoured the stars in the inner part of the galaxy, leaving only an outer ring remaining.

  • a smaller galaxy passed through the center, creating a ring.

  • it probably collided with another galaxy more massive than itself.

  • the stars in the inner regions exploded as supernovae, leaving a large hole in the center.

  • scientists have no idea why this galaxy has a ring-like structure.

Explanation

Question 13 of 55

1

The instability strip is:

Select one of the following:

  • a spiral wave pattern in a galaxy.

  • the boundary around a black hole: the point of no return.

  • the part of the H-R diagram where Cepheid variables and RR Lyrae stars lie.

  • in a binary pair, the position where the gravitational pull of the two stars is equal.

  • the upper mass limit to a white dwarf.

Explanation

Question 14 of 55

1

In the Milky Way, almost all interstellar gas clouds are found:

Select one of the following:

  • Only in the halo.

  • In the bulge, disk, and halo.

  • Only in the disk.

  • Only in the bulge.

  • Only in the spiral arms.

Explanation

Question 15 of 55

1

What observations did Harlow Shapley make that indicated that the Sun was not the center of the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • observations of the angular sizes of open clusters.

  • observations of variable stars in nearby galaxies.

  • observations of variable stars in globular clusters.

  • observations of interstellar dust clouds.

  • he counted up the number of individual stars in many directions in the sky.

Explanation

Question 16 of 55

1

What produces the 21 cm radio line used to map the rotation curve of the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • atomic hydrogen.

  • ionized hydrogen.

  • molecular hydrogen.

  • carbon monoxide.

  • interstellar dust.

Explanation

Question 17 of 55

1

Compared with the Sun, most stars in the halo of the Milky Way are:

Select one of the following:

  • younger, redder, and have less heavy chemical elements.

  • younger, bluer, and have more heavy chemical elements.

  • older, redder, and have less heavy chemical elements.

  • older, bluer, and have more heavy chemical elements.

  • older, redder, and have more heavy chemical elements.

Explanation

Question 18 of 55

1

What is the evidence for dark matter in the Milky Way Galaxy?

Select one of the following:

  • There is much more infrared radiation coming from the Milky Way than can be accounted for by the known normal stars and interstellar clouds.

  • There is much more visible light coming from the Milky Way than can be accounted for by the known normal stars and interstellar clouds.

  • There is much more radio waves coming from the Milky Way than can be accounted for by the known normal stars and interstellar clouds.

  • The circular velocities of gas and stars in the outer part of the Milky Way are higher than can be accounted for by the known stars and interstellar clouds.

  • The circular velocities of gas and stars in the outer part of the Milky Way are less than can be accounted for by the known stars and interstellar clouds.

Explanation

Question 19 of 55

1

The mass of the Milky Way Galaxy is about:

Select one of the following:

  • 2 X 10^8 solar masses

  • 2 X 10^6 solar masses

  • 6 X 10^11 solar masses

  • 6000 solar masses

  • 2 X 10^4 solar masses

Explanation

Question 20 of 55

1

Which of the following are generally only found in the disk and spiral arms of the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • O and B stars.

  • globular clusters.

  • 0.3 solar mass main sequence stars.

  • white dwarf stars.

  • KV and MV stars.

Explanation

Question 21 of 55

1

Cepheid variable stars are:

Select one of the following:

  • are used to determine the distances to other galaxies.

  • are less luminous than RR Lyrae stars.

  • are main sequence O stars.

  • vary with periods of about 1-10 seconds.

  • all of the above.

Explanation

Question 22 of 55

1

Approximately how long does it take the Sun to orbit the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • 4.6 billion years.

  • 225 million years.

  • 1 million years.

  • 1000 years.

  • 10 years.

Explanation

Question 23 of 55

1

In the Milky Way, globular clusters are found:

Select one of the following:

  • In the bulge, halo, and disk.

  • Only in the disk.

  • Only in the halo.

  • Only in the spiral arms.

  • Only in dense molecular clouds.

Explanation

Question 24 of 55

1

The Sun's location in the Milky Way is:

Select one of the following:

  • near the center.

  • in the halo.

  • in the disk, about two-thirds of the way out from the center.

  • in the bulge.

  • in a globular cluster.

Explanation

Question 25 of 55

1

If all the stars in the bulge of the Milky Way were replaced by a black hole with the same mass, then:

Select one of the following:

  • The Sun would be drawn into this black hole.

  • The velocity at which the Sun orbits the Galactic Center would decrease.

  • The velocity at which the Sun orbits the Galactic Center would increase.

  • The velocity at which the Sun orbits the Galactic Center would stay the same.

  • The Sun would fly off in a straight line into intergalactic space.

Explanation

Question 26 of 55

1

In the Milky Way, HII regions are found:

Select one of the following:

  • Only in the halo.

  • In the bulge, disk, and halo.

  • Only in the disk.

  • Only in the bulge.

  • In the bulge and disk, but not in the halo.

Explanation

Question 27 of 55

1

What astronomical accomplishment is Henrietta Leavitt best remembered for?

Select one of the following:

  • She mapped the distribution of globular clusters in the Milky Way using RR Lyrae stars, and showed that the Sun was NOT in the center of the Milky Way.

  • She estimated the distance to the Andromeda galaxy using Cepheid variable stars, and found it was OUTSIDE the Milky Way.

  • She discovered the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variable stars.

  • She was the first person to look at the Milky Way with a telescope, and showed that it is made up of many stars.

  • She discovered the four biggest moons of Jupiter.

Explanation

Question 28 of 55

1

Approximately how many times has the Sun orbited the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • a billion times.

  • a million times.

  • 20 times.

  • 1 time.

  • it has never orbited the Milky Way; during the entire life of the Sun, it has only moved a tiny fraction of the full circumference of the Milky Way.

Explanation

Question 29 of 55

1

An RR Lyrae star is:

Select one of the following:

  • An eclipsing binary star.

  • A white dwarf in a mass-transfer binary system.

  • A neutron star in a mass-transfer binary system.

  • A variable star which can be used for distance determination.

  • A post-AGB star.

Explanation

Question 30 of 55

1

Jupiter has a mass about 300 times the mass of the Earth. If Jupiter turned into a black hole with the same mass, but nothing else changed,

Select one of the following:

  • its moon Europa would be pulled into the black hole.

  • its moon would orbit around Jupiter at a distance equal to the Schwarzchild radius of the black hole.

  • Europa would continue in its same orbit.

  • the entire solar system would be pulled into this black hole.

  • the Schwarzchild radius of this black hole would be about 3000 km.

Explanation

Question 31 of 55

1

The "point of no return" around a black hole, inside which one cannot escape from, is called the:

Select one of the following:

  • The Chandrasekhar limit.

  • The Lagrange point.

  • The gravitational lens.

  • The event horizon.

  • The Pauli Exclusion limit.

Explanation

Question 32 of 55

1

Imagine you are in a rocketship, about 10 Schwarzchild radii away from a black hole. Which of the following would you NEVER observe?

Select one of the following:

  • X-ray radiation coming out from within the Schwarzchild radius of the black hole.

  • A shift in the apparent position of nearby stars, due to the gravitational effect of the black hole.

  • Very strong tidal forces from the black hole.

  • A shift in the wavelength of light from stars in the direction opposite that of the black hole.

  • Your clocks will run slower than clocks back home on Earth.

Explanation

Question 33 of 55

1

Which of the following has the smallest radius?

Select one of the following:

  • a 1 solar mass white dwarf.

  • a 2 solar mass neutron star.

  • a 1 solar mass black hole.

  • a 100 solar mass black hole.

  • a million solar mass black hole.

Explanation

Question 34 of 55

1

The Schwarzchild radius of a black hole is:

Select one of the following:

  • The radius of the singularity.

  • The distance between the black hole and its associated white hole.

  • The radius of the event horizon.

  • The distance from the black hole where the gravitational field from the black hole is zero.

  • The distance from the black hole at which you would be pulled apart by tidal forces.

Explanation

Question 35 of 55

1

Harlow Shapley:

Select one of the following:

  • Provided the first conclusive evidence that `spiral nebulae' are outside the Milky Way.

  • Identified the emission lines from pulsars.

  • Discovered the Period-Luminosity relation for Cepheid variables.

  • Measured the distances to globular clusters, and concluded the Sun was NOT in the center of the Milky Way.

  • Made a 3-dimensional map of the Milky Way by counted stars and estimating brightnesses, and concluded that the Sun WAS in the center of the Milky Way.

Explanation

Question 36 of 55

1

Henrietta Leavitt:

Select one of the following:

  • Provided the first conclusive evidence that `spiral nebulae' are outside the Milky Way.

  • Identified the emission lines from pulsars.

  • Discovered the Period-Luminosity relation for Cepheid variables.

  • Measured the distances to globular clusters, and concluded the Sun was NOT in the center of the Milky Way.

  • Made a 3-dimensional map of the Milky Way by counted stars and estimating brightnesses, and concluded that the Sun WAS in the center of the Milky Way.

Explanation

Question 37 of 55

1

The diameter of the disk of the Milky Way is approximately:

Select one of the following:

  • 300 A.U.

  • 10 light years.

  • 100 thousand light years.

  • a billion light years.

  • a billion billion light years.

Explanation

Question 38 of 55

1

Where in the Milky Way are Type II supernovae usually located?

Select one of the following:

  • only in the disk.

  • only in the halo.

  • only at the very center.

  • only in the bulge.

  • in the disk, halo, and bulge.

Explanation

Question 39 of 55

1

From the orbital velocity of the Sun around the Milky Way, 220 km/s, and the distance from the Sun to the center of the Galaxy, using the relationship V2 = GM/R, one can calculate a mass. This is the mass of:

Select one of the following:

  • the Sun.

  • Sgr A*.

  • the entire Milky Way.

  • the part of the Milky Way that is outside of the Sun's orbit.

  • the part of the Milky Way galaxy that is inside of the Sun's orbit.

Explanation

Question 40 of 55

1

Synchrotron radiation is produced by:

Select one of the following:

  • a hot solid object, like the filament in a light bulb.

  • electrons in atoms jumping from lower energy levels to higher energy levels.

  • electrons in atoms jumping from higher energy levels to lower energy levels.

  • nuclear fusion only.

  • accelerated charged particles.

Explanation

Question 41 of 55

1

Who discovered the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheid variable stars?

Select one of the following:

  • Harlow Shapley.

  • Edwin Hubble.

  • Adriaan van Maanen.

  • William Herschel.

  • Henrietta Leavitt.

Explanation

Question 42 of 55

1

Who first measured the distances to globular clusters, and concluded that the Sun was NOT in the center of the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • Harlow Shapley.

  • Edwin Hubble.

  • Adriaan van Manaan.

  • William Herschel.

  • Henrietta Leavitt.

Explanation

Question 43 of 55

1

Which of the following objects are NOT generally found in the bulge of the Milky Way, but only in the disk?

Select one of the following:

  • planetary nebulae.

  • open clusters.

  • white dwarfs.

  • Supernovae Type I.

  • globular clusters.

Explanation

Question 44 of 55

1

Sagittarius A* is:

Select one of the following:

  • the brightest supernovae seen in the last 300 years.

  • a small irregular galaxy in orbit around the Milky Way.

  • a 10 solar mass black hole in a mass-transfer binary system with a giant star.

  • a 2 million solar mass black hole in the center of the Milky Way.

  • the first pulsar ever discovered.

Explanation

Question 45 of 55

1

A black hole is:

Select one of the following:

  • the end stage of stellar evolution for an isolated 1 solar mass star.

  • produced during a nova.

  • produced by an explosion of a white dwarf in a mass transfer system.

  • a really massive object (greater than 106 solar masses).

  • an object with an escape velocity greater than the speed of light.

Explanation

Question 46 of 55

1

When a charged particle is accelerated, it produces light. This kind of light is called:

Select one of the following:

  • Heat radiation.

  • Thermal radiation.

  • Synchrotron radiation.

  • Magnetic radiation.

  • RR radiation.

Explanation

Question 47 of 55

1

What provided the first evidence of the existence of large quantities of dark matter in the Universe?

Select one of the following:

  • The light curves of galaxies.

  • The rotation curves of galaxies.

  • Mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the Milky Way.

  • The discovery of the period-luminosity relationship for Cepheids.

  • The discovery of pulsars.

Explanation

Question 48 of 55

1

An RR Lyrae star is:

Select one of the following:

  • a white dwarf star undergoing mass transfer from a companion.

  • a neutron star undergoing mass transfer from a companion.

  • a star that lies above the main sequence on an HR diagram, in the instability strip.

  • a white dwarf that has cooled to become very dim.

  • a neutron star with a beam of light that regularly sweeps across the Earth.

Explanation

Question 49 of 55

1

The radius of the event horizon of a black hole is called the:

Select one of the following:

  • Shapley radius.

  • Synchrotron radius.

  • Pauli radius.

  • Schwarzchild radius.

  • Wormhole radius.

Explanation

Question 50 of 55

1

What phenomenon was observed during the 1919 total solar eclipse?

Select one of the following:

  • The positions of stars behind the Sun appeared shifted.

  • The velocity of the light from stars near the Sun appeared faster than normal.

  • The velocity of the light from stars near the Sun appeared slower than normal.

  • Light from the Sun was observed to be gravitationally blueshifted.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 51 of 55

1

How far is the Sun from the center of the Milky Way?

Select one of the following:

  • 8 light years.

  • 8 parsecs.

  • 8 kiloparsecs.

  • 8 A.U.

  • the Sun is at the center of the Milky Way.

Explanation

Question 52 of 55

1

Who made the first map of the Milky Way by using his telescope to count the stars towards many directions in the sky?

Select one of the following:

  • Harlow Shapley.

  • Edwin Hubble.

  • Adriaan van Maanen.

  • William Herschel.

  • Henrietta Leavitt.

Explanation

Question 53 of 55

1

On the H-R diagram, Cepheids variables lie:

Select one of the following:

  • below and to the left of the main sequence.

  • below and to the right of the main sequence.

  • on the far right above the main sequence, in the MIII star region.

  • on the main sequence, in the upper left of the diagram.

  • above the main sequence in the instability strip.

Explanation

Question 54 of 55

1

Most of the following objects are mainly found in the plane of the disk of the Milky Way, but usually not in the bulge or the halo. Which is the exception, being commonly found in the bulge and halo as well as the disk?

Select one of the following:

  • HII regions.

  • Molecular clouds.

  • Open clusters.

  • Globular clusters.

  • O and B stars.

Explanation

Question 55 of 55

1

The first person to find evidence that the Sun is not in the center of the Milky Way was:

Select one of the following:

  • Henrietta Leavitt.

  • Harlow Shapley.

  • Edwin Hubble.

  • William Herschel.

  • Robert Trumpler.

Explanation