Which is NOT a type of location-allocation problem type?
Minimize Impedance
Optimize Cost
Maximize Coverage
Minimize Facilities
costdf = e(λ * impedancedf) This equation represents which impedance transformation in location-allocation?
Linear
Power
Exponential
None of the Above
In some location-allocation problems one must locate a new facility amongst existing, non competing facilities that provide the same service. These existing facilities are referred to as _____ in the model.
Candidate facilities
Required facilities
Competitor facilities
Chosen facilities
A Network Dataset is ideal but not required to run a location-allocation model.
Competitor facilities are specific to the maximize market share and target market share problem types.
The Huff Model is an established business tool used to describe the interaction between consumer and facility.
Which type of problem type can be used to locate candidate facilities that are near competitor facilities.
Maximize Market Share
People or things that require a facility are termed
Candidate Facilities
Chosen Facilities
Demand Points
Competitor Facilities
There are at least two iterations within the Teitz and Bart Heuristic. The first iteration…
Assigns each demand point to its nearest chosen facility
Assigns the chosen facility as the required facility
Assigns the competitor facility as the chosen facility
Assigns the demand point class to the nearest competitor facility
Spatial Autocorrelation gives a measure of dispersion and how data is distributed
Moran’s I is based on a connectivity matrix and a proximity matrix
Rook’s method of determining adjacency used diagonal connectivity
All spatial autocorrelation measures are based on cross product statistics
Which is an alternative to Moran’s I?
Geary’s C
Anselin’s Local Moran’s I
all of the above
none of the above
What does n represent?
proximity between cells
continuity between cells
number of cells
number of variables
After performing the Moran’s I calculation, you will have:
a measure of how the cells in a raster a related to one another
a proximity matrix
a continuity matrix
What does this image indicate?
A positive spatial autocorrelation
A negative spatial autocorrelation
A random spatial autocorrelation
None of the above
Who’s first law forms the basis of spatial autocorrelation?
Tobler
WAR
Price
Hill
What is one of the primary limitations of Moran’s I
It relies on too much hard math
It is not good for highly variable data
Not everyone plays chess and terms like rook, bishop, and queen are confusing
You need a super powerful computer to properly run the algorithm
The GRASS algorithm is an example of a probability analysis tool
Fuzzy Viewshed Tools return a raster of exclusively 1’s and 0’s
Intervisibility assumes that if an object is in the viewshed of a tower, the tower is also in that object’s viewshed.
The quality of a probability analysis improves with more input binary rasters.
The Following is NOT a type of Viewshed Analysis:
Binary
Fuzzy
Divergent
Probability
Which of the following fields does NOT use Viewshed:
Archaeology
Military Science
Urban Planning
Spelunking
What does a Probable Viewshed Analysis take into account?:
Variations in the DEM
Atmospheric conditions
Perspective
Probability of visibility of a given day
What does a Fuzzy Viewshed Analysis take into account?
Atmospheric Conditions
Distances at which objects may be distinguished
Curvature of the Earth
Fuzzy Viewshed Analysis does NOT require this as an input:
Binary Viewshed Raster
Slope Raster
Euclidian Distance
Distance Decay Function
What is NOT a limitation of a Binary viewshed
DEM quality/resolution
Long Processing Time
Assumes Perfect Visibility
Raster Size
You are safe from tracking if you turn off the GPS in your phone.
The three techniques of using Wi-fi positioning system is cell identification and forward link
What are not the concerns of geotagging?
security threat
privacy concerns and security concerns
sharing data allows users to feel connected to others
What is not a way to geotag a location?
AGPS
Disposable film camera
Wi-fi positioning systems
We used FME Workbench to extract geotagged data as point?
The full power of ArcGIS can be used on extracted geotagged photos?
How accurate is the location information of geotagged photos?
30 - 40m
10 - 40 cm
10m - 20m
What tool was used to extract the points from the geotagged photos?
Jpeg GPS Point Replacer
GeoTagged Photos To Points
GeoTagging Image To Points
In AGPS which technique has the receiver still communicating with the satellites?
Mobile station assisted
Mobile station based
Mobile station helper
GeoServer is open source.
GeoServer is OGC compliant.
Secured Socket Layer utilizes port #443.
GeoServer can only be installed on a virtual server.
Which of the following ports are not neccessary for a PostGIS enabled database and GeoServer system?
22 (SSH)
80 (httpd)
5432 (postgresql)
8443(SSL)
110(POP3)
What is the Debian command that corresponds to Linux command-line command ‘yum’?
wget
rpm
sudo
apt-get
make
What file has to be modified to allow remote access to the PostgreSQL database?
pg_hba.conf
iptables
postgresql.conf
httpd.conf
workers.properties
Which one of the following formats can NOT be used with GeoServer?
KML
GML
SHP
GeoTIFF
MrSID
Which one of the following must be up and running before you install Tomcat?
Java Development Kit
GeoServer
Geospatial Engine
Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
PostgreSQL
All of the above
Which one of the following is not a strength of GeoServer?
Integrate with existing map APIs
Equipped with proprietary spatial engine
Compatible with popular GIS formats
Capable of tile caching
Customizable layout templates
Which is a source of error
Undershoot
Instrument Inaccuracy
Changes over time
The accuracy of the Monte Carlo method is inversely related to the square root of the number of runs N?
What does ‘g’ represent in the following formula?
Output
Attribute
GIS operation
Which error propagation technique is an approximation of things based on samples?
Taylor series approximation
Monte Carlo Method
Both a and b
Uncertainty cascades through a sequence of operations in spatial GIS data
Error propagation can only be used once the input errors to the analysis are available
What is the most important thing to take into account when running a Monte Carlo method?
Randomly generated numbers
Approximation of the GIS operation
Numbers fall within 1 standard deviation from mean
What is the aim of the Taylor series approximation method?
Identify various errors
Identify uncertainty sources
Identify source of error propagation
Both b and c
Which of the following is not a cause of errors in GIS
Collection
Classification
Digitization
Measurement
When no record is kept of the accuracy of intermediate results, it become extremely difficult to evaluate the accuracy of the final results.
In Step 1 of Dijkstra’s algorithm, when setting tentative distances, the source node should be set to zero and all other nodes to infinity
The CCRP method is MORE ACCURATE that the linear programming algorithm
What is the name of the set.list created after the source node is set as "current"?
Unmarked Set
Unvisited Set
Unnamed Set
Network Set
None
Which of the following is NOT true of the Game Theory approach to Dijkstra’s algorithm?
finds the most efficient path
algorithms can handle unexpected events
can't be used for prediction
can account for congestion
What is the basic purpose of Dijkstra’s algorithm?
Create a buffer around a feature
calculate spatial stats
Generalize data
Find the shortest distance
During the algorithms calculation, each node in the network is continuously revisited
Dijkstra’s algorithm was formulated in 1956 and published in 1958
Which of the following are variants of Dijkstra’s algorithm?
Common
Priority Queue
Uniform cost search
All of the Above
Why can a game theory approach to routing provide better results for each traveller compared to a naive approach?
Every traveller takes other's choices into account
Making better use of the entire network
Not focussing on the shortest path only
What is a real life application of Game theory approach to routing?
provide a traveller with more than one route option
Evacuation planning
Find more scenic routes
R is an implementation of which language ?
C
Python
Greek
S
R is best suited for
Statistical Analysis
Creating GUI’s
Plotting graphs and charts
A and C
Web mapping
Which package was used to read in a shapefile?
readShapePoly()
maptools
CoolTips
DPLYR
Which R package provides the left_join() function?
dplyr
postgis
RStudio
Which publications is using R to create award winning data visualizations?
Der Spiegel
Washington Post
New York Times
How many packages are available for R?
100
500
2000
Over 3000
R supports 3-Dimensional Arrays
You can use <= to assign variable values.
R can be run with single commands in the console.
One can implement Colorbrewer palettes within R.
The two main sections of Lidar data are Airborne and Terrestrial
All of these can process Lidar data except:
GRASS
ArcGIS
ENVI
GlobalMapper
A user can import .las files from the “add data tool” in ArcMap
Which of the following is not included in the UG survey Lidar rules:
Collection Conditions
Data processing and Handling
Datums
Number of bands
Scope
Sources of uncertainty in extracting vector features from LIDAR data can be found in…
Complex structures
Reflective material types
Nearby Vegetation
All above
How many returns does a LIDAR pulse produce?
3
4
5
6
From the 31 classifications in the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, many of them are placeholders for future classifications
ArcToolbox in ArcGIS has a Change Vector Analysis tool.
CVA is a change detection technique that can be used on multispectral datasets.
Sector codes may be used to interpret what type of change is occurring.
The algorithms used within CVA are based on the Pythagorean Theorem and the cosine function.
Before CVA can be conducted, what needs to be done to the input images?
Geometric correction
Radiometric correction
Topographic Normalization
What is a limitation of using CVA for change detection?
It can’t be used to detect change in multispectral datasets
It is difficult to determine threshold value
It produces poor results when applied to forestry applications
Which of the following is not a common change detection technique?
Change Vector Analysis
Post-classification
Image differencing
Image multiplication
What datasets are appropriate for CVA?
Feature classes
Raster datasets
Tables
Which of the following is an output of CVA?
Change direction
Change rotation
Change ratio
Change integration
If change magnitude = 0, what does this indicate?
NoData
At least one band has an input pixel DN value of 0
No change in DN value in at least one band
No change in DN value over all bands
What is NOT a method of calculating a Voronoi Diagram?
Fortunes Algorithm
Divide and Conquer
Construction Algorithm
Dijkstra’s Algorithm
When could you use a Voronoi Diagram?
To create a rainfall surface
To determine the nearest pub to BCIT
To determine paths of least resistance
What method of Voronoi Diagram calculation is more time efficient?
A Voronoi diagram divides the drawing into regions around each point that are shaped so that the borders of the regions are equidistant from the two nearest points.
Voronoi Diagrams first use was linked to Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet in 1705
What is euclidean geometry?
a way of dividing space where objects in an area are more related to each other than the area that surrounds them
a type of analytic geometry, which uses coordinates
a type of synthetic geometry, which does not use coordinates
a way of dividing space where objects in that space are closer to the object it surrounds than any other object
Both A and B
Both C and D
A half-space is:
a closed space
a open or closed space
a concave space
one dimensional space
Convex polygons:
have internal angles greater than 180 degrees
are an open space with angles less than 180 degrees
are entirely contained, defined by each of its edges
can only be strict convex polygons
Sweep line algorithms can be used for generating Voronoi Diagrams
The point between three Voronoi points is a vertices or node
Which is NOT the type of geometries that form a multipatch?
Rings
Triangle Fans
Pyramids
Triangle Strips
ArcScene and ArcGlobe can be used display and analyse 3D models
Which tool is used for storing Multipatch data?
Intersect 3D
Add Z information
Line Of Sight
Layer 3D To Feature Class
ArcGIS does not have tools for applying Multipatch textures
Which of the following is not true?
Multipatch is a 3D geometry data type
Retain Multipatch textures by storing in a Geodatabase
Multipatch is viewable in 3D on ArcMap
Rings are 3D polygons defined by a bounded area
What is the data type of this structure? (0, 1, 2), (0, 2, 3), (0, 3, 4), (0, 4, 5)?
Triangle strips
Triangle fans
lines
5 points can form triangle-structured a multipatch
Inner ring-structure should be counter-clockwise direction
What feature class is needed for executing Intersect 3D analysis?
Multipatch
Polygon
Line
Point
What attributes can be added with Add Z Information tool?
Height values
Surface area
Volume
All of above
What data format is not recommended for temporal Data?
Date
String
Double
Integer
A model that uses 12 layers representing Saskatchewan's monthly precipitation values in 2010 is an example of which data model?
Space-Time Composite
Snapshot
Event-Based Spatiotemporal Model
What is the difference between real time and near real time data?
Near real time data is slightly less accurate
Near real time data has a delay before imported into a GIS
A and B
What toolbar is used to create Keyframes?
COGO
Raster Planning
Animation
Spatial Analyst
What needs to be enabled in order to use the Time Slider?
Symbology
Topology
Animation Tools
A model that uses 1 layer with a Date field within the attributes is an example of which data model.
Event-Based Spatiotemporal Mode
Event Based Spatiotemporal Data Model best represents Vector Data.
The Snapshot Data Model, which timestamps layers, has issues with data redundancy
ArcGIS has the ability to convert Strings into Date field types
Weather Stations are a good example of discrete temporal entity.
What is NOT an example of a fractal mathematical set?
Mandelbrot Set
Kalender Set
Koch Curve Set
Cantor Set
As the length of a measuring stick is scaled smaller, the measured perimeter of a coastline decreases
Benoit coined the term fractal
What does the diamond step of the diamond-square algorithm do?
Assigns a midpoint between the corner points
Assigns the first corner point
Assigns a mean value for the mid points
Assigns a center value for the square
What does the square step of the diamond square algorithm do?
In GRASS GIS, which of the following is NOT a parameter that can be specified when running r.surf.fractal?
output raster name
number of topological dimensions
number of intermediate images to save
number of fractal dimensions
A theoretical ideal cube has how many fractal dimensions?
1.6
2.2
3.0
4.5
With the correct parameters set, r.surf.fractal can produce an aspect raster.
The rougher a surface is, the fewer fractal dimensions the surface has.
GRASS GIS uses the following method to create a fractal surface
Spectral Synthesis Method
Diamond Square Algorithm
Hausdorff Method
Kargers Algorithm
What is self-similarity
an object looks like another object
an objects subset looks like the whole object
an object looks like a fractals subset
a fractals subset looks like the whole
The diamond square algorithm was introduced at the Special Interest Group on Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH)