Shirley Zhu
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High School AP Biology Quiz on Molecular Genetics, created by Shirley Zhu on 26/03/2015.

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Shirley Zhu
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Molecular Genetics

Molecular Genetics

Question 1 of 36

1

Which of the following scientists is responsible for figuring out that transformation is possible but the transforming factor is unknown?

Select one of the following:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Melson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explanation

Question 2 of 36

1

Which of the following scientists is responsible for culturing E. Coli in 15N and then 14N to show that DNA replication is semiconservative?

Select one of the following:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meselson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explanation

Question 3 of 36

1

Which of the following scientists found that nucleic acid, not protein is the genetic material of the T2 bacteriophage?

Select one of the following:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meleson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explanation

Question 4 of 36

1

Which of the following scientists discovered that when nucleases are added to the transformation reaction, transformation does not occur?

Select one of the following:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meselson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explanation

Question 5 of 36

1

Which of the following scientists figured out that the percent composition of G equals the percent composition of C in DNA?

Select one of the following:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meselson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explanation

Question 6 of 36

1

Which of the following is a double-stranded molecule that is passed from one generation to the next?

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explanation

Question 7 of 36

1

Which of the following is a protein that synthesizes RNA?

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explanation

Question 8 of 36

1

Which of the following contains codons?

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explanation

Question 9 of 36

1

Which of the following contains anticodons?

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explanation

Question 10 of 36

1

Which of the following is made of two subunits, each composed of protein and RNA

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polyermase

  • ribosome

Explanation

Question 11 of 36

1

Which of the following attaches to an amino acid on its 3' end?

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explanation

Question 12 of 36

1

What is another word for each newly synthesized DNA molecule contains a template strand and a new strand?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explanation

Question 13 of 36

1

Which of the following is a part of translation?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explanation

Question 14 of 36

1

Which of the following is a part of transcription?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explanation

Question 15 of 36

1

Which of the following is a replication and proofreading enzyme?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explanation

Question 16 of 36

1

Which of the following is most active during S phase of interphase?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explanation

Question 17 of 36

1

What is the name of the fact that the 5' end of one strand is hydrogen-bonded to the 3' end of the complimentary strand?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explanation

Question 18 of 36

1

Which of the following typically occurs only before cell division?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explanation

Question 19 of 36

1

What is the name of the process in which polypeptides are assembled at ribosomes?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explanation

Question 20 of 36

1

What is the process by which a strand of DNA is made complimentary to an RNA molecule?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explanation

Question 21 of 36

1

Which of the following involves splicing out introns?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explanation

Question 22 of 36

1

Which of the following processes begins at the origin of replication?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Trancription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explanation

Question 23 of 36

1

In which of the processes is a 5' cap and a poly-A tail added to an RNA molecule?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explanation

Question 24 of 36

1

All of the following are mechanisms by which bacteria acquire genetic diversity EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Mutation

  • Binary fission

  • Transformation

  • Transduction

  • Conjugation

Explanation

Question 25 of 36

1

If a known single-base substitution in a gene produces a nonfunctional enzyme, how can a scientist test for the presence of this mutation?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Restriction enzymes can be used to test for gene mutations that introduce or eliminate restriction enzyme cleavage sites.

  • A test of enzyme activity can be performed on purified enzyme.

  • An electron microscope can be used to study the structure of the gene or of the protein.

Explanation

Question 26 of 36

1

DNA analysis of adult and developing frogs reveals that the same genes are present in all the cells of the frog throughout its development. However, certain proteins found in developing frogs are absent from adult frogs. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Select one of the following:

  • Developmental genes are not expressed in adults.

  • No genes expressed in adults are expressed in developing organisms.

  • Proteins are not modified as an organism develops

  • Proteins are greatly modified as an organism develops

  • Most genes in cells are never expressed.

Explanation

Question 27 of 36

1

All of the following are true regarding gene expression EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • All DNA-containing cells in a particular organism have basically the same genes.

  • Different cell types contain different proteins.

  • A particular cell makes the exact-same proteins for its entire lifespan.

  • Promoters are regions of DNA that help regulate gene expression.

  • In eukaryotes, each gene has its own promoter.

Explanation

Question 28 of 36

1

A nucleus was removed from a fibroblast cell of an adult mouse (mouse 1). The nucleus was then inserted into an egg cell from which the nucleus was removed (the egg cell was from a different mouse, 2). The resulting diploid cell began to divide, and the young embryo was implanted into the uterus of a third mouse and allowed to develop. The third mouse eventually gave birth to a healthy mouse (mouse 4). Which of the following correctly identifies the procedures described above?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA sequencing

  • Nuclear transplantation (cloning)

  • Embryology

  • Sexual reproduction

  • Nuclear fission

Explanation

Question 29 of 36

1

Referring to question 28, the phenotype of the young mouse (mouse 4) is expected to be

Select one of the following:

  • practically identical to the adult mouse from which the nucleus was taken (mouse 1).

  • practically identical to the mouse who donated the egg (mouse 2).

  • similar to the mouse who donated the egg (mouse 2).

  • a combination of the nuclear and egg donor mice (mice 1 and 2).

  • the same as the mouse in which it developed (mouse 3).

Explanation

Question 30 of 36

1

A cloned animal may exhibit traits that are not present in the animal from which it was cloned (the nucleus donor). Which of the following best explains this observation?

Select one of the following:

  • The egg donor, not the nucleus donor, determines the phenotype of the clone.

  • Usually, but not always, the nucleus donor determines the phenotype of the offspring.

  • The egg into which the nucleus was transferred contained extra-nuclear genes.

  • The cloned animal only expresses the genes of the egg donor.

  • The genes of the nucleus donor were not properly expressed in the offspring.

Explanation

Question 31 of 36

1

DNA from a specific organism is determined to contain 20 percent cytosine. Which of the following can be concluded about the DNA of this organism?

Select one of the following:

  • It contains 30 percent G.

  • It contains 80 percent G.

  • It contains 40 percent A and 40 percent T.

  • It contains 20 percent T and 20 percent A

  • It contains 30 percent T and 30 percent A

Explanation

Question 32 of 36

1

A yeast cell can be used to express and animal gene. Which of the following best explains why this is possible?

Select one of the following:

  • Yeast and animals have mostly the same genes.

  • Yeast and animals are both eukaryotes.

  • The genetic code is universal.

  • DNA replication is similar in yeast and animals.

  • Yeast and animals share a recent common ancestor.

Explanation

Question 33 of 36

1

Which of the following statements correctly describes mutations?

Select one of the following:

  • They are harmful to the organism but good for the species.

  • They are irreversible.

  • They are only useful when they occur in germ cells.

  • They are a source of variation.

  • They drive evolution by creating selective pressures.

Explanation

Question 34 of 36

1

Which of the following statements is true concerning genes?

Select one of the following:

  • Genes exist in alternate forms called introns and extrons.

  • A gene can code for a polypeptide.

  • Genes can cross over during mitosis.

  • Recessive alleles are never expressed.

  • Genes make up the majority of nucleotide sequences in the human genome.

Explanation

Question 35 of 36

1

All of the following statements regarding nucleic acids are true EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Nucleotides consist of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate.

  • Nucleic acids are only synthesized from the 5' --> 3' direction.

  • The nitrogenous bases of both DNA and RNA include adenine and guanine.

  • RNA does not contain uracil.

  • Complementary base pairs of the same (in single-stranded) or different (in double-stranded) nucleic acid strands can hydrogen-bond to each other.

Explanation

Question 36 of 36

1

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA replication begins at the promoter.

  • The leading strand of DNA synthesis contains Okazaki fragments.

  • Hydrogen bonds must be broken in order to replicate DNA.

  • Bacteria have more DNA than eukaryotes, and so they take longer to replicate their DNA.

  • DNA ligase is necessary to build primers on lagging strands during replication.

Explanation

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