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Oncology Final MCQs- 5th Year PMU Topics- Epidemiology, Carcinogenesis, CNS Tumors, Malignant head and neck Tumors, Malignant lung diseases, Malignant diseases of the mammary gland

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Oncology Final MCQs 1- 5th Year PMU

Question 1 of 100

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

EGF-(R) = (Receptor)
ER =
HER =
HPV =
PR =
VEGF (R) = (Receptor)
TKI =
ALK =
CRC =
MCA =

Explanation

Question 2 of 100

1

According to WHO data by 2030, malignancies will be the leading cause of mortality. What place do they occupy now?

Select one of the following:

  • third

  • fourth

  • second

  • first

Explanation

Question 3 of 100

1

Which are the most often occurring tumors in children up to 10 years of age?

Select one of the following:

  • neuroblastoma, leukemias, gastrointestinal tumors

  • acute leukemias, brain tumors, Wilms tumor

  • retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumors

  • lymphomas, leukemias, brain tumors

Explanation

Question 4 of 100

1

What are the most common neoplasias in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life?

Select one of the following:

  • soft tissue tumors, testicular carcinoma

  • mesenchymal tumors, breast cancer

  • gastrointestinal tumors, osteosarcoma

  • lung cancer, head and neck tumors

Explanation

Question 5 of 100

1

What are the most common neoplasias in the 3rd and 4th decades of life?

Select one of the following:

  • female genital tract tumors, male genital tract tumors

  • breast cancer, uterine cancer, CRC

  • lung cancer, breast cancer, CNS tumors

  • head and neck tumors, sarcomas

Explanation

Question 6 of 100

1

What are the most common neoplasias after the 5th decade of life?

Select one of the following:

  • Lung carcinoma, prostate gland carcinoma

  • Tumors of GIT, bladder carcinoma

  • CRC, prostate and lung carcinoma

  • Head and neck tumors, lung cancer

Explanation

Question 7 of 100

1

There are differences In cancer morbidity and mortality between males and females. What is the gender predominance of CRC and stomach cancer?

Select one of the following:

  • Men

  • Women

  • There is no gender predominance

  • Age-based sex division

Explanation

Question 8 of 100

1

Depending on geographic latitudes there is differential endemic Spread of neoplasms. Gastric carcinoma occurs predominantly in:

Select one of the following:

  • USA, Europe, Japan

  • Asia, Europe

  • Latin America, Eastern Europe, Japan

  • Southeast Asia and Africa

Explanation

Question 9 of 100

1

CRC occurs with the highest frequency in:

Select one of the following:

  • Europe

  • Asia

  • The USA

  • Australia and New Zealand

Explanation

Question 10 of 100

1

Mammary carcinoma is rare in:

Select one of the following:

  • The United States, Asia

  • Europe, Latin America

  • Africa, Asia

  • Australia and New Zealand

Explanation

Question 11 of 100

1

The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The latter has marked endemic spread:

Select one of the following:

  • The Scandinavian countries, Mongolia

  • Malaysia, Uganda, New Guinea

  • Japan, the Philippines

  • Australia and New Zealand

Explanation

Question 12 of 100

1

What is screening?

Select one of the following:

  • testing a group of people for the detection of early-stage cancers

  • examining a group of people when certain symptoms and complaints are present

  • detection of unplanned disease by tests and procedures that can be applied quickly

  • evidence of disease’s initial symptoms

Explanation

Question 13 of 100

1

What types of cancer screenings are available?

Select one of the following:

  • Lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast cancer

  • CRC, prostate, stomach

  • Breast cancer, prostate, cervical carcinoma

  • CRC, breast cancer, lung carcinoma

Explanation

Question 14 of 100

1

Which of the following cancers affect predominantly men

Select one of the following:

  • lung, prostate, colorectal carcinoma

  • melanoma, pancreas, lung

  • colon, prostate, melanoma

  • lung, pancreas, brain

Explanation

Question 15 of 100

1

Which tumors in women confer the lowest five-year survival rate?

Select one of the following:

  • breast

  • ovary

  • corpus uteri

  • lung

Explanation

Question 16 of 100

1

Areas with the highest oncological morbidity at present are

Select one of the following:

  • Americas

  • Europe

  • Africa

  • Europe and Americas

Explanation

Question 17 of 100

1

Which tumors in males confer the lowest five-year survival rate?

Select one of the following:

  • testicular carcinoma

  • lung cancer

  • prostate cancer

  • colon cancer

Explanation

Question 18 of 100

1

The most common Malignant tumor in Women is

Select one of the following:

  • Mammary Carcinoma

  • Cervical Carcinoma

  • Skin carcinoma

  • Ovarian Carcinoma

Explanation

Question 19 of 100

1

What is the most accurate definition of carcinogenesis?

Select one of the following:

  • The occurrence of mutations in more than one locus leading to the appearance of a transformed cell

  • Multistage and prolonged process leading to transformed cells with subsequent clonal selection and expansion

  • Multistage process of transformation and development of neoplastic clone

  • There is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 20 of 100

1

Tumorigenesis occurs in three stages

Select one of the following:

  • Proliferation, promotion, metastasis

  • Initiation, promotion, proliferation

  • Proliferation, promotion, progression

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 21 of 100

1

Neoangiogenesis

Select one of the following:

  • the ability of cancer cells to metastasize via the blood and to form new vessels

  • uncontrolled growth of tissue that can deliver distant metastasize via the blood and the lymphatics

  • uncontrolled development of tissue with the ability to grow and metastasize by forming new vessels

  • there is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 22 of 100

1

Key features of the tumor cell are

Select one of the following:

  • ability to proliferate, metastasize, form new vessels and the possibility of apoptosis, invasion

  • loss of apoptosis, endless division, invasion and metastasis

  • generates signals for growth and development, ability to form new vessels and metastasize via the blood

  • all answers are correct

Explanation

Question 23 of 100

1

What is the definition of benign tumors?

Select one of the following:

  • varying degrees of cellular and structural differentiation, do not metastasize

  • highly differentiated tumors whose cells resemble those from which they originated

  • a high degree of cell differentiation, the presence of functional activity and metastatic ability

  • answers a+c

Explanation

Question 24 of 100

1

Which statement about malignant tumors is wrong?

Select one of the following:

  • varying degrees of cell differentiation and structural organization

  • cells are organized in monolayers with signs of anaplasia

  • have an infiltrative growth

  • there is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 25 of 100

1

What is relapse?

Select one of the following:

  • a newly emerging tumor

  • the reappearance of a tumor following its surgical removal

  • the appearance of a tumor at the same site as the one removed

  • the appearance of regional lymph nodes

Explanation

Question 26 of 100

1

Malignant tumors have infiltrative growth, cellular atypism, are encapsulated capsule and have the ability to give regional and distant metastases.
This statement is

Select one of the following:

  • true

  • untrue

  • incomplete

  • ambiguous

Explanation

Question 27 of 100

1

Mesenchymal tumors metastasize

Select one of the following:

  • Via lymphatics

  • Via blood

  • Canalicularly

  • Intracavitary

Explanation

Question 28 of 100

1

The tumors of __________ metastasize in Intravascular fashion

Select one of the following:

  • lung, stomach, intestine

  • ovaries, uterus, bladder

  • head and neck, lung and prostate

  • there is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 29 of 100

1

Which of the following statements are characteristic of the cancer cell biology

Select one of the following:

  • cellular "immortality"

  • angiogenic ability

  • altogether

  • ability to invade and metastasize

Explanation

Question 30 of 100

1

Indicate which factors are associated with tumor progression

Select one of the following:

  • IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α

  • EGF / R, VEGF / R, HER-2, PDGF

  • OPG, RANK, RANKL

  • a+b

Explanation

Question 31 of 100

1

Paraneoplastic syndrome is due to

Select one of the following:

  • tumor progression

  • ectopic secretion of hormone-like peptides and immune response to the tumor

  • metastasis

  • the intoxication of the organism

Explanation

Question 32 of 100

1

Which tumors are hormone-dependent in their development

Select one of the following:

  • breast carcinoma

  • colon carcinoma

  • endometrial carcinoma

  • all listed

Explanation

Question 33 of 100

1

Genetic changes leading to carcinogenesis are

Select one of the following:

  • Spontaneous mutations in cell cycle regulating genes

  • Mutations in genes regulating the replication and repair of DNA

  • Multiple mutations

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 34 of 100

1

Characteristics of neoplastic cells are

Select one of the following:

  • loss of apoptosis

  • high proliferative potential

  • tendency for invasion

  • each indicated

Explanation

Question 35 of 100

1

The most common primary brain tumors are

Select one of the following:

  • anaplastic astrocytomas

  • glioblastomas

  • oligodendrogliomas

  • there is no true answer

Explanation

Question 36 of 100

1

The mean survival rate for malignant CNS tumors is

Select one of the following:

  • 5-10 months

  • 15-18 months

  • 2 years

  • One year

Explanation

Question 37 of 100

1

A radical method for the treatment of solitary («3 cm) CNS tumors is

Select one of the following:

  • radiotherapy of the brain

  • radiosurgery

  • operative treatment

  • chemotherapy

Explanation

Question 38 of 100

1

Radiation is an important part of the complex treatment.
The total dose of craniotherapy is

Select one of the following:

  • 40 Gy

  • 60 Gy

  • 80 Gy

  • There is no true answer

Explanation

Question 39 of 100

1

Chemotherapy incorporates

Select one of the following:

  • Cisplatin

  • Gemcitabine

  • Temozolamide

  • There is no true answer

Explanation

Question 40 of 100

1

Medulloblastoma is predominantly located in the rear cranial well and occurs most commonly in

Select one of the following:

  • The 3rd and 4th decades of life

  • Childhood

  • 2nd and 3rd decade of life

  • Newborns

Explanation

Question 41 of 100

1

The main methods of diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effect in CNS tumors are

Select one of the following:

  • CT and MRI

  • MRI and PET scan

  • CT and PET scan

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 42 of 100

1

Symptomatic therapy in CNS tumors includes

Select one of the following:

  • dexamethasone, tranquilizers, diuretics

  • anxiolytics, diuretics

  • anticonvulsants, diuretics, dexamethasone

  • all answers are correct

Explanation

Question 43 of 100

1

Brain metastases are yielded most commonly by

Select one of the following:

  • Prostate and lung carcinoma

  • Thyroid and gastric carcinoma

  • Carcinoma of the mammary gland and lung carcinoma

  • Kidney and GIT carcinoma

Explanation

Question 44 of 100

1

Which treatment method will be preferred for solitary brain metastasis

Select one of the following:

  • Brachytherapy

  • Percutaneous external irradiation

  • Operational extirpation

  • Radiosurgery

Explanation

Question 45 of 100

1

Temozolamide used to treat brain tumors belongs to which group of cytostatics based on its mechanism of action

Select one of the following:

  • anthracycline

  • antimetabolite

  • an alkylating agent

  • atyrosine kinase inhibitor

Explanation

Question 46 of 100

1

Methods for the treatment of multiple brain metastases are

Select one of the following:

  • surgery

  • radiotherapy

  • chemotherapy

  • b+c

Explanation

Question 47 of 100

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

List the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure
behaviour

Feeling less alert than usual

Lack of energy or sleepiness

Weakness or problems with moving or talking

Explanation

Question 48 of 100

1

Risk factors for head and neck tumors are

Select one of the following:

  • chronic etilism, 3rd and 4th decade of life, male Sex, tobacco chewing

  • smoking, systemic use of alcohol and mutation in p53 gene

  • female sex, smoking, alcohol abuse

  • all answers are correct

Explanation

Question 49 of 100

1

The most common head and neck tumors metastasize

Select one of the following:

  • Via lymphatics

  • Via blood

  • Ref. a+b

  • Neighborhood invasion/ local invasion

Explanation

Question 50 of 100

1

Head and neck tumors occur with the highest frequency at which anatomic sites

Select one of the following:

  • The oral cavity

  • Oropharynx

  • Larynx

  • Sinus

Explanation

Question 51 of 100

1

The characteristic clinical picture includes

Select one of the following:

  • pain, fever, soore, difficulty swallowing

  • ulcer. dysphagia, otalgia

  • dysphagia, dyspnoea, swelling in the neck, soor

  • all answers are correct

Explanation

Question 52 of 100

1

The most common histology of head and neck tumors is

Select one of the following:

  • adenocarcinomas

  • epidermoid carcinomas

  • squamous cell carcinomas

  • there is no true answer

Explanation

Question 53 of 100

1

A leading treatment approach for head and neck tumors is

Select one of the following:

  • radiotherapy

  • chemotherapy

  • chemoradiotherapy

  • all answers are correct

Explanation

Question 54 of 100

1

The most common early radiation reactions are

Select one of the following:

  • dysphagia and oropharyngeal mucositis

  • reduced hearing and odinophagia

  • larynx edema

  • a+c

Explanation

Question 55 of 100

1

Late radiation complications are

Select one of the following:

  • trismus, reduced hearing

  • oropharyngeal mucositis and dysphagia

  • radiographic fibrosis

  • a+c

Explanation

Question 56 of 100

1

The gold standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is

Select one of the following:

  • surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

  • operative intervention and subsequent radiotherapy

  • combined chemoradiotherapy

  • all the options listed

Explanation

Question 57 of 100

1

Targeted therapy for head and neck tumors is performed with

Select one of the following:

  • Bevacizumab

  • Cetuximab

  • Panitumumab

  • Nivolumab

Explanation

Question 58 of 100

1

HPV is related to the etiology of

Select one of the following:

  • cervical carcinoma

  • anogenital carcinoma

  • head and neck carcinoma

  • all listed

Explanation

Question 59 of 100

1

Head and neck tumors include neoplasia originating from anatomical locations

Select one of the following:

  • salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal sinus

  • larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities, parotid gland

  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses

  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinus

Explanation

Question 60 of 100

1

Tumors of head and neck are characterized by

Select one of the following:

  • increased frequency in Central Asia

  • mainly affect female subjects

  • most common in the western world

  • a+b

Explanation

Question 61 of 100

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Complete the term against the relevant definition of premalignant lesions that are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma:
- hyperkeratosis + underlying epithelial hyperplasia
- superficial erythema spots near to normal mucosa due to epithelial dysplasia

Explanation

Question 62 of 100

1

The therapeutic approach to advanced disease includes

Select one of the following:

  • protocols with combined modality (radiochemotherapy)

  • radical surgery

  • administration of platinum-based chemotherapy protocol

  • the combined use of surgery radiotherapy

Explanation

Question 63 of 100

1

The four major histological types of lung carcinoma are

Select one of the following:

  • large cell, squamous, papillary, small cell

  • small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell

  • spinocellular, acinar, small cell, large cell

  • there is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 64 of 100

1

Which histological type has the worst prognosis?

Select one of the following:

  • spinocellular

  • acinar adenocarcinoma

  • small cell

  • there is no true answer

Explanation

Question 65 of 100

1

What are the principal biomarkers for NSCLC?

Select one of the following:

  • EGFR, HER-2

  • K-RAS, HER-2

  • ALK, PDL-1

  • EGFR, ALK, PDL-1

Explanation

Question 66 of 100

1

The standard for ChTh in radically operated patients with NSCLC is

Select one of the following:

  • APCT containing taxane

  • APCT containing cisplatin

  • APCT containing vinorelbine

  • APCT containing anthracyclines

Explanation

Question 67 of 100

1

Target therapies for NSCLC include

Select one of the following:

  • Bevacizumab, Panitumumab, Nivolumab

  • Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Crizotinid

  • Pertuzumab, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab

  • There is no true answer

Explanation

Question 68 of 100

1

Malignant Mesothelioma is characterized by (one wrong answer)

Select one of the following:

  • The main method of treatment is chemotherapy

  • Origin from the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, testicular envelopes.

  • A causal relationship with exposure to asbestos

  • There are a large percentage of patients with five years of survival

Explanation

Question 69 of 100

1

Which of the following statements about lung carcinoma is NOT correct

Select one of the following:

  • more prominent for developed countries

  • the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women

  • there are 2 major histological types - small cell and non-small cell

  • has a high-sensitivity tumor marker for diagnosis

Explanation

Question 70 of 100

1

Which of the following statements for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is true

Select one of the following:

  • SCLC is more radiosensitive

  • SCLC is less chemosensitive

  • SCLC is more likely to have a peripheral localization in the lung

  • Tendency towards early and rapid metastasis

Explanation

Question 71 of 100

1

73 years old man has an increasing pain in the lumbar segment of the spine, more pronounced at bedtime. From the history - a long-standing hypertonic; sometimes smokes 1-2 cigarettes a week. Physical status is normal. Laboratory studies have found elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. From radiograph of the lumbar segment - a lytic bone lesion of the third lumbar vertebra.
Which of the following cancers is the most likely diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • carcinoma of the stomach

  • non-small cell lung carcinoma

  • sarcoidosis

  • mesothelioma

Explanation

Question 72 of 100

1

Immunotherapy in lung carcinoma is performed with

Select one of the following:

  • BCG vaccine

  • Immunomodulators

  • Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab

  • There is no true answer

Explanation

Question 73 of 100

1

Pulmonary carcinoma metastasizes most often in

Select one of the following:

  • liver

  • pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes

  • brain

  • bones

Explanation

Question 74 of 100

1

The recommended behavior of a General Practitioner in a patient with a blood clot is

Select one of the following:

  • Follow-up for one month

  • X-ray and consultation with a pneumologist no later than two weeks

  • CT scan

  • X-ray and surgery referral

Explanation

Question 75 of 100

1

What is the significance of EGFR expression Studies, KRAS mutation and ALK in non-small cell lung carcinoma

Select one of the following:

  • They are prognostic markers for survival

  • Reference markers for surgery

  • EGFR-TKI response markers

  • Possibility for personalized treatment

Explanation

Question 76 of 100

1

Which factors are not carcinogens for lung cancer

Select one of the following:

  • Smoking

  • Radiation

  • A diet rich in fat

  • Avitaminoses

Explanation

Question 77 of 100

1

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is

Select one of the following:

  • Symptom of Peak Lung Cancer Symptom

  • Complication of radiotherapy

  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in lung carcinoma

  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in ovarian cancer

Explanation

Question 78 of 100

1

Contemporary molecular genetic tests on lung cancer biopsy specimen include

Select one of the following:

  • EGFR mutation

  • PDF

  • ALK

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 79 of 100

1

Peripheral lung lesions suspect for carcinoma are indicated for further diagnostic testing with

Select one of the following:

  • Surgical resection

  • Transthoracal needle biopsy

  • Bronchoscopy

  • Mediastinoscopy

Explanation

Question 80 of 100

1

For pleural effusion suspicious of lung carcinoma indicated is

Select one of the following:

  • X-ray and consultation with a pulmonologist

  • VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) with a biopsy

  • Magnetic resonance tomography

  • Positron emission tomography

Explanation

Question 81 of 100

1

Palliative therapy in lung cancer is

Select one of the following:

  • associated with a high risk of fatal toxicity

  • associated with increased life expectancy at reduced quality of life

  • followed by a 1 year life expectancy at improved quality of life

  • does not change life expectancy

Explanation

Question 82 of 100

1

Which statement is true for Luminous type A?

Select one of the following:

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, low Ki 67

  • ER PR- positive, HER2-positive, low Ki 67

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67

  • There is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 83 of 100

1

Which statement is wrong for Luminous Type B?

Select one of the following:

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- overexpression, regardless of Ki 67

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- positive, low Ki 67

  • No wrong answer

Explanation

Question 84 of 100

1

In non-luminous type we observe?

Select one of the following:

  • ER, PR- negative, HER2- overexpression

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2-positive, Ki 67 low

  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative

  • There is no correct answer

Explanation

Question 85 of 100

1

Genetic mutations in breast carcinoma are

Select one of the following:

  • BRCA 1, BRCA 2

  • BRCA1, BRCA2, p53

  • ALK, PDL 1

  • All listed

Explanation

Question 86 of 100

1

Standard treatment for luminal type A breast carcinoma includes

Select one of the following:

  • chemotherapy

  • hormone therapy

  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy at positive lymph nodes

  • there is no true answer

Explanation

Question 87 of 100

1

Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2 negative breast carcinoma includes

Select one of the following:

  • chemotherapy

  • hormone therapy

  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy

  • all answers are correct

Explanation

Question 88 of 100

1

Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2-positive breast carcinoma includes

Select one of the following:

  • chemotherapy, anti-HER 2 therapy

  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER 2 therapy

  • hormone therapy, chemotherapy

  • there is no true answer

Explanation

Question 89 of 100

1

Treatment in triple negative breast carcinoma includes

Select one of the following:

  • chemotherapy

  • hormone therapy

  • chemotherapy + hormone therapy

  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER2

Explanation

Question 90 of 100

1

Specify the standard treatment algorithm for breast cancer T2N1M0 without hormonal expression

Select one of the following:

  • PCT, surgery, radiotherapy

  • Surgery, PCT, radiotherapy

  • Radiotherapy, surgery, PCT

  • The three answers are correct

Explanation

Question 91 of 100

1

Specify the main tumor marker for diagnosis of breast cancer

Select one of the following:

  • CEA

  • CA 15-3

  • HGT

  • CA 19-9

Explanation

Question 92 of 100

1

The biological characteristic of the "triple-negative" breast cancer requires (choose one wrong answer)?

Select one of the following:

  • maximum severity of therapeutic behavior

  • hormonal therapy

  • strict monitoring due to the risk of early relapse and metastasis

  • affects younger women

Explanation

Question 93 of 100

1

Indicate which target drugs are used in HER positive breast cancer

Select one of the following:

  • Avastin, Panitumumab, Cetuximab

  • Herceptin, Lapatinib, Perjeta

  • Tarceva, Iressa, Avastin

  • Herceptin, Nivolumab, Crisotinib

Explanation

Question 94 of 100

1

A method of early detection (screening) of breast cancer is

Select one of the following:

  • Echography

  • Mammography in 2 projections

  • CT

  • MRI

Explanation

Question 95 of 100

1

The default markers for breast cancer are

Select one of the following:

  • The total CEA and CA 15-3

  • HER, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki 67

  • Total CEA and CA 125

  • Serum alkaline phosphatase and LDH

Explanation

Question 96 of 100

1

In which % of cases the breast cancer has a genetic predisposition

Select one of the following:

  • 5%

  • 10%

  • 25%

  • 40%

Explanation

Question 97 of 100

1

Triple-negative breast cancer belong to which of the listed histological groups?

Select one of the following:

  • Luminal A

  • Luminal B

  • Basal-like

  • "Normal" -like

Explanation

Question 98 of 100

1

A recommended age group to start screening for early detection of breast carcinoma is

Select one of the following:

  • women over 60 years of age

  • women over 50 years of age

  • women aged 50-69

  • family-related women, regardless of age

Explanation

Question 99 of 100

1

All of these factors are associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer except for

Select one of the following:

  • Negative history of breastfeeding

  • First pregnancy before 18 years of age

  • Men after 15 years of age

  • Natural menopause before 42 years of age

Explanation

Question 100 of 100

1

Which of the following features is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for breast carcinoma

Select one of the following:

  • ER+

  • Low proportion of S-phase cells

  • Overexpression of erbB2 (HER-2)

  • PR+

Explanation

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