The four major aspects of President Harry Truman's foreign policy during his second term included all of the following EXCEPT
support for and full participation in the United Nations
the funding and building of a cache of nuclear weapons
a pledge to defend the West against Communist aggression
continuation of Marshall Plan aid to Europe
scientific and industrial aid to developing nations
The founding goals of the United Nations include all of the following EXCEPT
to avoid war
to protect human rights
to uphold international agreements
to promote social progress
to end the need for individual national governments
Which nation was NOT awarded a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, along with the United States?
China
France
Great Britain
India
Soviet Union
Which statement does NOT characterize American society between 1945 and 1960?
A significant number of people (mostly white) migrated from major cities to commuter suburbs.
There was a surge in the number of college graduates, both male and female.
Ownership of television sets and automobiles rose to near-universal levels.
Massive antiwar demonstrations took place in the streets of major cities.
Women left the workforce in large numbers to stay home and raise children.
The Truman Doctrine of 1947 pledged that the United States would
support any nation in danger of being taken over by hostile forces
enforce regime change on any nation that did not have a republican government
break off diplomatic relations with all Communist nations
impose a trade embargo on all Communist nations
institute full racial integration of the armed forces across all ranks
Which was NOT one reason why so many American women left the workforce in the postwar era?
Giving hiring preference to returning veterans was considered patriotic.
Married women who worked outside their homes were considered selfish.
Most employers were male as preferred to hire men rather than women.
Society pressured married couples to have larger families.
More and more women were attending college.
When the Cold War began, the United States had all these advantages over the Soviet Union EXCEPT
a more prosperous economy
a larger population
a far lower casualty total from World War 2
no physical damage to its land or cities
greater military strength
Which of the following was established after World War 2 as an international peacekeeping organization?
the League of Nations
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
the Quadruple Alliance
the United Nations
the Warsaw Pact
The political technique known as McCarthyism is best defined as
freely and fully debating serious issues with one's political opponents
taking one's campaign for national or state office into remote rural areas and small towns
deliberately slandering one's political opponents with false accusations
using television and radio to plead one's political case directly to the voters
distracting one's political opponents with a mass of numerical statistics and data
The GI Bill of Rights significantly altered American society by
admitting women to the US military and naval academies
making it possible for millions of veterans to attend college
racially integrating the armed forces
guaranteeing civilian employment to all veterans
creating the federal Department of Veterans Affairs
Which does NOT describe the philosophy behind the beatnik movement in Ameican literature of the 1950s
rejection of material comforts and financial security as the highest goals of a society
refusal to participate in the world of nine-to-five jobs
belief in sexual freedom, both in life and in artistic expression
support for a major fundamentalist religious revival and a return to spiritual values
rejection of both capitalist and Communist economic and societal structures
Marshall Plan aid was intended, over the long term, to enable European nations to do all of the following EXCEPT
to lower tariffs and thus increase international trade
to achieve economic self-sufficiency
to stabilize national currencies
to increase manufacturing and industry
to pursue sound economic policices
Communist Party candidates went through all the following steps to take over the nations of Eastern Europe after 1945 EXCEPT
temporarily forming coalitions with other political parties
gaining individual positions of influence in the bureaucracy, police, and armed forces
carrying out campaigns of brutal intimidation against all political opponents
acquiring a political base by pretending that they were not Communists
imposing totalitarian rule and banning all non-Communist political parties
Paul Robeson is a significant figure in US history for his achievements in all of the following areas EXCEPT
athletics
military service
music
political activism
theater and film
Why did the United States take part in the Korean War?
to prevent the establishment of a strong and united Korea
to contain the potential spread of Communism
to intimidate the Soviet Union with a display of military power
to restore the Japanese to power in Korea
to restore the Chinese to power in Korea
Leaders on both sides of the Cold War supported the partition of Germany into two independent nations because they
believed that Germany's economic and military status was the key to the strength of Europe as a whole
were afraid that a weak or neutral Germant might swing the balance in the Cold War to the enemy side
we're afraid that a strong, United Germany might once again threaten world peace and security
could not forgive Germany for having caused two major wars of aggression within 50 years
we're secretly afraid that the forces of Nazism would rise again despite the defeat of 1945
Which result of World War 2 did NOT contribute significantly to the swift rise of Communist rule in Eastern Europe?
death or emigration of many professionals, intellectuals, and merchants that opened up opportunities for others to take their places
the often-brutal behavior of the Soviet troops on the March through Eastern Europe toward Berlin
improvement in industrial output and capacity due to years of wartime production
wartime increase in hands-on government control of various businesses and industries
the wartime breakdown of normal social and class ranks and many social institutions
What did the postwar change in women's fashion, known as the "New Look," suggest about a woman's role in 1950s society?
that she was a youthful, dynamic free spirit
that she had become a strong, independent individual
that she should return to the traditional roles of wife and homemaker
that she had acquired a new authority both in the home and outside
that she was in rebellion against conservative society
Which was NOT one effect of the development of atomic technology on everyday life in the United States?
It led school boards to call for more math and science classes.
It contributed to the popularity of science-fiction literature and movies
It led to widespread fears of a nuclear attack on the United States.
It reinforced American opposition to involvement in world affairs.
It caused businesses, schools, and individuals to build or designate fallout shelters
Which does NOT help explain the post- World War 2 baby boom?
Economic prosperity and high employment made the 1950s a good time to raise a family.
Society championed the nuclear family as evidence of US superiority over the Communist system.
The GI Bill have many young couples the means to marry and raise families.
Improvements in nutrition and medical science meant that many more babies survived infancy.
Protest movement such as the beatniks and the Civil Rights movement began in the postwar years.
Which best describes the intended beneficiaries of the Marshall Plan?
all the Communist nations of Europe
all the freely elected republics of Europe
all nations that had fought on the Allied side in the war
all the nations of Europe
all the nations that had fought in the war on either side
Which best describes the provisions of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) of 1949?
Each member nation would treat an attack on any of the others as an attack on itself.
Member nations would pool their economic resources to rebuild Europe.
Member nations would establish a common arsenal of atomic weapons for their mutual defense if necessary.
Member nations agreed to support insurrection against oppression anywhere it arose in the world.
Member nations would trade freely with one another, eliminating all tariffs and other trade barriers.
Which was NOT among the issues facing voters in the 1948 presidential election?
higher prices
higher taxes
unemployment
tension between labor and management
national security
Winston Churchill used the term 'Iron Curtain' to refer to
the western border of the Soviet Uniom
the Berlin Wall
the border between Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe
the border between North and South Vietnam
the border between Communist China and the Soviet Union
Which of the following was one motive for the Allied occupation of Germany and Berlin in 1945?
to help the Germans rearm and reorganize their military forces
to include the German leaders in plans being made for the United Nations
to humiliate and punish Germany in retaliation for its aggression under Hitler
to divide Germany into two independent, self-governing nations
to wipe out all remaining elements of Nazism and the Nazi Party
Edward R. Murrow is a significant figure of the Cold War era in the field of
international politics
investigative journalism
law
the military
science
What was the purpose of the Berlin Airlift?
to provide transportation for East Germans wishing to defect to the West
to bomb strategic locations in and around Berlin
to unite the three Allied zones of Berlin into one zone for administrative and security purposes
to drive the Soviet officials out of East Berlin and thence out of East Germany
to bring food and supplies into West Berlin in defiance of a Soviet/ East German blockade
Which best describes the outcome of the Korean War?
It was a victory for Communist North Korea.
It was a victory for democratic South Korea.
It resulted in a Chinese takeover of a united Korea.
It resulted in an independent united Korea.
It resulted in two independent Koreas, one Communist and one democratic.
All of the following are characteristic of the rise of Communist states in Eastern Europe and China EXCEPT
the use of propaganda that promotes Party ideology
the crushing of any opposition party
the support of the middle class
Party control of all news media
a violent overthrow of the previous government
What was the result of US and Soviet intervention into the former Belgian colony of the Congo?
Nationalist leader Patrice Lumumba was assassinated and civil war broke out.
Belgian troops of occupation withdrew from the Congo.
United Nations officials supervised democratic elections in the Congo.
Belgium granted protectorate status to the Congo with United Nations approval.
The Congo broke up into two independent states along ethnic and tribal lines.
