Vincent Voltaire
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Psychology Quiz on Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System, created by Vincent Voltaire on 07/02/2020.

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Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System

Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System

Question 1 of 62

1

Which cells in the nervous system do most of the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information?

Select one of the following:

  • neurons

  • glial cells

  • axons

  • dendrites

Explanation

Question 2 of 62

1

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the structure and function of all neurons in your central nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • All neurons contain a cell body and an axon, and may have other structures.

  • All neurons receive information via one or more dendrites and send information via one or more axons.

  • All neurons synapse onto another neuron in order to transmit an electrical signal.

  • All neurons receive and send information.

Explanation

Question 3 of 62

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • integrating information

  • generating information

  • transmitting information

  • receiving information

Explanation

Question 4 of 62

1

What are three basic components of most neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • vesicles, terminal buttons, synapses

  • myelin, nodes, axon terminals

  • cell body, axon, dendrites

  • hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Explanation

Question 5 of 62

1

Which neuronal structures are analogous to branches on a tree?

Select one of the following:

  • dendrites

  • axons

  • nuclei

  • cell bodies

Explanation

Question 6 of 62

1

On a typical neuron, which structure receives neurochemical information, and which structure sends
neurochemical information to other neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • Dendrites receive; axons send.

  • Axons send; synapses receive.

  • Dendrites receive; synapses send.

  • Axons receive; dendrites send.

Explanation

Question 7 of 62

1

In computers, the keyboard is the component of the computer that receives information. What would the
keyboard be equivalent to, in comparing a computer to a neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • axon

  • soma

  • dendrite

  • terminal button

Explanation

Question 8 of 62

1

Emma has a disorder that includes degeneration of myelin sheaths in her nervous system. Which of the following disorders does Emma most likely have?

Select one of the following:

  • Alzheimer’s disease

  • multiple sclerosis

  • Broca’s aphasia

  • Parkinson’s disease

Explanation

Question 9 of 62

1

Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?

Select one of the following:

  • unmyelinated dendrites

  • myelinated axons

  • shorter axons

  • multiple dendrites

Explanation

Question 10 of 62

1

When you want to print something from a computer, a cable carries this signal from the computer to the printer.
In comparing a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent to the cable?

Select one of the following:

  • synapse

  • soma

  • terminal button

  • axon

Explanation

Question 11 of 62

1

When you are printing something from your computer, your cable must be securely connected to the printer or
else the signal won’t get through. If you compared a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal
equivalent of the connection between the cable and the printer?

Select one of the following:

  • synapse

  • soma

  • terminal button

  • axon

Explanation

Question 12 of 62

1

Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

  • neuromodulators

  • dendrites

  • myelin sheaths

  • terminal buttons

Explanation

Question 13 of 62

1

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • dendrites to axon to soma

  • axon to glia to dendrites

  • glia to dendrites to axon

  • dendrites to soma to axon

Explanation

Question 14 of 62

1

What are the cells that provide structural support and insulation for neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • synapses

  • sheaths

  • glia

  • soma

Explanation

Question 15 of 62

1

What is the primary role of glial cells?

Select one of the following:

  • They form the primary components of the spinal cord.

  • They provide support for neurons.

  • They release neurotransmitters.

  • They release neuromodulators.

Explanation

Question 16 of 62

1

What would happen if you were to lose all of your glial cells?

Select one of the following:

  • There would be no change in functioning, because neurons are the cells that are important for transmission of information within the nervous system.

  • One hemisphere could not send information to the other hemisphere.

  • Your neurons would no longer have a normal chemical environment, and there would be problems with efficient neurotransmission.

  • You would no longer be able to send neurotransmitters from one cell to another.

Explanation

Question 17 of 62

1

Which of the following is a characteristic of both sodium and potassium ions?

Select one of the following:

  • They carry a negative charge.

  • They are concentrated inside the neuron’s cell body.

  • They carry a positive charge.

  • They are capable of changing their potentials.

Explanation

Question 18 of 62

1

What do we call the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information?

Select one of the following:

  • resting potential

  • action potential

  • post-synaptic potential

  • inhibitory potential

Explanation

Question 19 of 62

1

When a neuron is neither receiving nor sending, what is the approximate voltage of the electrical charge that
exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • –700 millivolts

  • –70 millivolts

  • +70 millivolts

  • +700 millivolts

Explanation

Question 20 of 62

1

Bradley is deeply relaxed and many of his muscles are not moving at all. What does this suggest about many of
Bradley’s motor neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • They have a voltage of +70 millivolts.

  • They have a voltage of –70 millivolts.

  • They are in a relative refractory period.

  • They are in an absolute refractory period.

Explanation

Question 21 of 62

1

When the sodium channels of a neuron open, allowing sodium ions to flow inside, which of the following is most
likely to happen next?

Select one of the following:

  • a resting potential

  • an action potential

  • a refractory period

  • reuptake

Explanation

Question 22 of 62

1

What is an action potential?

Select one of the following:

  • an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron

  • the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons

  • the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information

  • the release of neurotransmitters

Explanation

Question 23 of 62

1

Tracey became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly
reduced. What would we expect to occur if enough sodium was lost?

Select one of the following:

  • Her nervous system would become highly activated, and action potentials would be generated
    continuously.

  • More neurotransmitters would be produced in her terminal buttons.

  • Fewer action potentials would occur in her nervous system.

  • Glial cells would start to degenerate and die.

Explanation

Question 24 of 62

1

A neuron just sent a neural impulse. It will be one to two milliseconds before another neural impulse can be
generated. What do we call this brief time increment, when another neural impulse cannot occur?

Select one of the following:

  • resting potential

  • absolute refractory period

  • postsynaptic discharge

  • all-or-none period

Explanation

Question 25 of 62

1

What is the term for the minimum length of time between action potentials?

Select one of the following:

  • relative threshold period

  • transduction interval

  • absolute refractory period

  • synaptic interval

Explanation

Question 26 of 62

1

Which of the following is known about action potentials?

Select one of the following:

  • They travel more slowly if the incoming stimulation is less intense.

  • They are stronger when the incoming stimulation is more intense.

  • They are generated in an all-or-none fashion.

  • They are seldom strong enough to reach the terminal buttons.

Explanation

Question 27 of 62

1

What is the typical speed of an action potential?

Select one of the following:

  • at least 600 kilometres/hour

  • up to 300 kilometres/hour

  • approximately the speed of light (300,000 kilometres/second)

  • approximately the speed of sound (1236 kilometres/hour)

Explanation

Question 28 of 62

1

Sara is holding Scott’s hand during a scary movie. Suddenly she squeezes his hand very hard. When she does
this, what will the nerves in Scott’s hand do?

Select one of the following:

  • release more GABA

  • send larger action potentials to his central nervous system

  • enter an absolute refractory period

  • start to fire at a faster rate

Explanation

Question 29 of 62

1

Fiona puts her hands into a bucket of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a bucket of ice-cold water.
What should we predict about each of their action potentials?

Select one of the following:

  • Only Fiona will experience enough stimulation to trigger an action potential.

  • Luke will have inhibitory action potentials.

  • Their action potentials will differ in rate, due to differences in the intensity of the stimuli.

  • Their action potentials will differ in size, due to differences in the intensity of the stimuli.

Explanation

Question 30 of 62

1

Peggy smells a very strong odour; Harry smells an odour that is barely detectable. Based on what is known
about neural transmission, what should we predict about each of their action potentials?

Select one of the following:

  • They will be the same size but at different rates.

  • Peggy’s will be excitatory, and Harry’s will be inhibitory.

  • They will be weaker in Harry’s system because the stimulus is less intense.

  • They will be distinguished by the amount of inhibition they exert on synapses.

Explanation

Question 31 of 62

1

What do we call the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?

Select one of the following:

  • the transmission gap

  • the midsynaptic potential range

  • the synaptic cleft

  • the neuromodulator

Explanation

Question 32 of 62

1

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

Select one of the following:

  • in the dendrites

  • in the mitochondria

  • in the axon

  • in the synaptic vesicles

Explanation

Question 33 of 62

1

What do synaptic vesicles do?

Select one of the following:

  • They fuse with the postsynaptic cell.

  • They store neurotransmitters.

  • They block receptors.

  • They manufacture myelin.

Explanation

Question 34 of 62

1

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released from a presynaptic neuron, but it does not fit into a suitable
receptor channel on the postsynaptic neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • The firing potential of the postsynaptic neuron will not be affected.

  • An inhibitory postsynaptic potential will be generated.

  • A graded potential will be generated.

  • The presynaptic neuron will be inhibited.

Explanation

Question 35 of 62

1

What is a good analogy for the way in which a neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites?

Select one of the following:

  • the lowering of a drawbridge

  • a key fitting in a lock

  • the pulling of a gun trigger

  • the opening and closing of a window

Explanation

Question 36 of 62

1

What type of electric potential increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire?

Select one of the following:

  • all-or-none potential

  • excitatory postsynaptic potential

  • inhibitory postsynaptic potential

  • a resting potential

Explanation

Question 37 of 62

1

The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –75 millivolts. What caused the change?

Select one of the following:

  • excitatory postsynaptic potential

  • influx of potassium ions

  • influx of sodium ions

  • inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Explanation

Question 38 of 62

1

The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –67 millivolts. What will this lead to?

Select one of the following:

  • an absolute refractory period

  • increased likelihood of an action potential

  • decreased likelihood of an action potential

  • a relative refractory period

Explanation

Question 39 of 62

1

What do we call the process of absorption of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • reuptake

  • neurotransmission

  • graded potential

  • inhibition

Explanation

Question 40 of 62

1

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic
transmission?

Select one of the following:

  • binding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptake

  • synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake

  • synthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation

  • release, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivation

Explanation

Question 41 of 62

1

If a brain has several synapses that are not particularly active, those synapses may be eliminated. What is this process called?

Select one of the following:

  • synaptic pruning

  • inhibition

  • natural selection

  • long-term potentiation

Explanation

Question 42 of 62

1

At what age do humans tend to have the largest number of synapses?

Select one of the following:

  • at birth

  • at 1 year

  • at puberty

  • after physical growth has ended in early adulthood

Explanation

Question 43 of 62

1

According to the Hebbian Learning Rule, if an axon of Cell A is near enough to repeatedly stimulate Cell B (causing it to fire often), then what will happen to Cell B?

Select one of the following:

  • Cell B will eventually stop responding to Cell A.

  • Cell B will merge with Cell A.

  • Cell B will be pruned because it is redundant with Cell A.

  • Cell B will become more likely to fire in response to signals from Cell A.

Explanation

Question 44 of 62

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles?

Select one of the following:

  • GABA

  • acetylcholine

  • serotonin

  • norepinephrine

Explanation

Question 45 of 62

1

Jeremy is sitting quietly when the voluntary muscles in his left leg begin to twitch. Which neurotransmitter is likely being released?

Select one of the following:

  • serotonin

  • norepinephrine

  • acetylcholine

  • GABA

Explanation

Question 46 of 62

1

When your text states that nicotine functions as an acetylcholine agonist, what does that mean?

Select one of the following:

  • It interacts with acetylcholine to produce a novel effect.

  • It occupies acetylcholine receptor sites, thus blocking the action of the neurotransmitter.

  • It stimulates some acetylcholine synapses.

  • It inhibits some acetylcholine release.

Explanation

Question 47 of 62

1

What does an agonist do?

Select one of the following:

  • It extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission.

  • It blocks the action of neurotransmitters.

  • It mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.

  • It prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters.

Explanation

Question 48 of 62

1

Curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites. In this context, what is curare?

Select one of the following:

  • a neurotransmitter

  • an agonist

  • a neuromodulator

  • an antagonist

Explanation

Question 49 of 62

1

Dr. Jacoby has just discovered a new drug named Z2W that is an antagonist to acetylcholine. What are some likely side effects of this new drug?

Select one of the following:

  • hallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns

  • general stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate

  • sleepiness and loss of interest in activities

  • motor and memory problems

Explanation

Question 50 of 62

1

Dr. Ferracane has just discovered a new drug named GL8 that produces side effects such as paralysis and memory loss. Based on this information, how might this drug act on the nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • as an agonist for GABA

  • as an antagonist for GABA

  • as an antagonist for acetylcholine

  • as an agonist for acetylcholine

Explanation

Question 51 of 62

1

What seems to be a primary cause of Parkinson’s disease?

Select one of the following:

  • degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter

  • degeneration of myelin sheaths

  • antagonistic effects on acetylcholine receptors

  • damage to glial cells

Explanation

Question 52 of 62

1

Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. Which of the following will likely happen to Garrett as his disease progresses?

Select one of the following:

  • His memory will gradually worsen.

  • He will start to show signs of Parkinson’s disease.

  • His sleep and mood will be disrupted.

  • He will begin to experience symptoms of schizophrenia.

Explanation

Question 53 of 62

1

Which of the following disorders is associated with reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin receptors?

Select one of the following:

  • depression

  • schizophrenia

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • multiple sclerosis

Explanation

Question 54 of 62

1

Julia is currently in the midst of a major depression. Which of the following patterns of neurotransmitter activity is most likely to be associated with her symptoms?

Select one of the following:

  • reduced levels of GABA

  • increased activity at serotonin synapses

  • increased levels of dopamine

  • reduced activity at norepinephrine synapses

Explanation

Question 55 of 62

1

Stuart abuses a drug that is a dopamine agonist. Which of the following is Stuart most likely to experience when he is high?

Select one of the following:

  • deep relaxation

  • hallucinations

  • temporary paralysis

  • excessive anxiety

Explanation

Question 56 of 62

1

Caitlin has taken a drug that has reduced the levels of GABA in her nervous system. What side effect is Caitlin likely to experience?

Select one of the following:

  • motor tics and other involuntary motor movements

  • increased levels of anxiety

  • depression

  • hallucinations

Explanation

Question 57 of 62

1

Dr. Athorp has just discovered a new drug named P3X that is an agonist for GABA. What effects will this drug likely have?

Select one of the following:

  • hallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns

  • general stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate

  • a reduction in pain and a sense of euphoria

  • anxiety reduction and general relaxation

Explanation

Question 58 of 62

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters always has inhibitory effects?

Select one of the following:

  • GABA

  • glutamate

  • acetylcholine

  • norepinephrine

Explanation

Question 59 of 62

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters has effects on learning and memory, and on long-term potentiation?

Select one of the following:

  • GABA

  • glutamate

  • acetylcholine

  • norepinephrine

Explanation

Question 60 of 62

1

Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body’s own endorphins. What effect, then, do opiate
drugs have?

Select one of the following:

  • They increase anxiety and agitation.

  • They inhibit visual sensations.

  • They produce insomnia.

  • They relieve pain.

Explanation

Question 61 of 62

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most similar to the drug heroin?

Select one of the following:

  • acetylcholine

  • dopamine

  • endorphins

  • serotonin

Explanation

Question 62 of 62

1

If you were making a new drug to treat pain, which type of neurotransmitter would you attempt to mimic?

Select one of the following:

  • dopamine

  • monoamines

  • acetylcholine

  • endorphins

Explanation

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