Step 3- Cardiology

RF for CAD

Significant family history for CAD

define pleuritic pain and what are the causes?

what causes positional changes in pain?

Chest pain on palpation?

ischemic HD diagnosis and tx

Most accurate test for ischemic HD?

Cardiac and muscle enzymes

When do we do a chemical stress test?

When do I do a stress echo?

Define ACS

Treatment of ACS

Thrombolytics and primary angioplasty and mortality

When do you do urgent angioplasty?

When to give thrombolytics?

Do BB lower mortality and when is the best time to given them in relation to episode of CP?

what type of patients do ACE/ARBs lower mortality?

Which medications given in ACS will lower mortality?

Which ACS medications lower mortality in certain conditions?

Which ACS medications do not lower mortality?

When should plavix be used?

When in ACS do we use CCB instead?

When is a pacemaker the answer for acute MI?

when is lidocaine or amiodarone needed in acute MI?

Cardiogenic shock basics

Valve rupture basics

Septal rupture basics

Myocardial wall rupture basics

Sinus brady basics

Complete heart block basics

RV infarct basics

How long does patient wait to have sex after an MI?

abiciximab has great benefit in STEMI (t/f)

Medications used in stable angina?

what is the difference between saphenous vein graft and internal mammary artery graft?

what are the indications of CABG?

what are the CAD equivalents?

LDL goal in patient with CAD?

LDL goal in patients with DM and CAD

Other risk factors for LDL management?

SE of statins?

review calculating LDL goals

Most COMMON cause of ED after MI?

Test that should be ordered for Pulm edema and CHF on CCS?

When to use Digoxin?

Most patients with pulm edema do well with preload reduction (lasix, o2, nitrates, morphine) but if on CCS they cont have SOB after these meds what do you give?

Acute pulm edema assoc with new onset VT with a pulse, afib, aflutter,SVT what is the best therapy?

Hemodynamic changes seen on R heart cath secondary to pulm edema

what should all patients with pulm edema now stabalized have done?

What is the further management of chronic systolic CHF?

What is the further management of diastolic CHF?

when and why do we put a implantable defibrilator/cardioverter in patients?

when is a biventricular pacer the answer in CHF?

When do we use coumadin in CHF patients?

what is an absolute contraindication for BB use?

Valvular disease in young female in general population

valvular heart disease in healthy young athlete

Valvular HD in a pregnant woman or immigrant

Valvular HD in turner's syndrome and with coarctation of aorta

Valvular HD with palpitations, atypical chest pain not with exertion

Systolic murmurs

diastolic murmurs

What increases intensity of right sided murmurs

What increases intensity of Left sided murmurs

What does squatting and lifting the legs do or blood return to the heart?

what does valsalva and standing up do to venous return to the heart

How does valsalva decrease venous return

which murmurs increase in intensity with squatting and leg raise

which murmurs decrease in intensity with squatting and leg raise

which murmurs decrease in intensity with standing and Valsalva

which murmurs increase in intensity with standing and valsalva

How does handgrip affect murmurs

How does Amyl nitrate effect murmurs?

How does Handgrip effect MVP and HOCM

How does Amyl effect MVP and HOCM

How does hand grip effects AS

How does amyl nitrate effect AS

Amyl nitrate and Handgrip effect on MS

where is AS best heard

Where are pulmonic murmurs heard best

Where best to hear AR, tricuspid Murmurs, and VSD

where is MR heard the best

Murmur intensity scoring

Dx tests of murmurs

Treatment of Regurgitant lesions

Treatment of stenotic lesions

If valsalva improves the mumur due to decreased venous return what medication is indicated

If amyl nitrate improves the murmur by decreasing afterload what medication is indicated

AS dx tests

Valve replacement in AS

Causes of AR

special PE findings in AR

Tx AR

MS causes and presentation

Murmur of MS

CXR in MS

Tx of MS

MR murmur

MR treatment

VSD basics

ASD basics

fixed split A2

Paradoxical, A2 delayed

Widened S2, delayed P2

DCM dx

Causes and tx of DCM

HOCM basics

RCM basics

RCM dx

Pericardial disease Dx

Tx of pericarditis

Presentation of Pericardial Tamponade

Tamponade Dx and Tx

Constrictive pericarditis presentation

Constrictive pericarditis dx

tx of constrictive pericarditis

Dx of dissection of thoracic aorta

Tx of aortic dissection (thorax)

AAA screening and screening tests

Spinal stenosis presentation

Dx test for PAD

Tx of PAD

if get a patient that presents with afib order the following

tx of afib (unstable)

tx of afib (stable)

CHADS score (risk of stroke in patients with AFIB)

afib and aflutter treated the same way

when to use BB in afib or aflutter

when to use CCB in afib or aflutter

when to use digoxin in afib and aflutter

Presentation of MAT

SVT presentation

tx of SVT (unstable)

tx of SVT (stable)

WPW presentation

WPW dx

what to give a patient is SVT or VT from WPW

best long term therapy for WPW

VT presentation

tx of VT (stable)

tx of VT (unstable)

Vfib presentation

Tx of Vfib

Sudden LOC

Gradual LOC

sudden regain of consciousness

gradual regain of conciousness

Cardiac exam after LOC

diagnostic tests with LOC

if ventricular dysrhythmia causes syncope what does the patient need