Definitions for Molecular Genetics

DNA

chromosome

homologous chromosomes

gene locus

allele

locus

intergenic DNA

centromere

telomere

haploid genome

diploid genome

linked genes

unlinked genes

homozygous

heterozygous

linked genes

homologs

avirulent

virulent

nucleotide

insertions

deletions

large chromosome aberrations (name 3)

ORF- open reading frame

haplo-insufficiency

loss-of-function mutations

hypomorphic mutations

gain-of-function mutations

gene

complementation

fail to complement

point mutations

transitions

transversions

missense mutation

nonsense mutation

pathogenicity islands

horizontal transfer

c-value

orthologous genes

synonymous mutation

non-synonymous mutation

pseudogenes

processed pseudogenes

nonprocessed pseudogenes

transposons/jumping genes

mRNA

satellite DNA

complex satellite

minisatellite

microsatellite

haplotype

packing ratio

chromatin

capsid

euchromatin

heterochromatin

g-bands

chromosome locus numbering system

kinetochore proteins

acentric fragment

nucleosome

histone tails

linker histones

30nm fiber

non-histone

suppressor mutation

second-site reversion

antimorphic mutation

pleiotropic genes