The process of formation and development of blood cells is called

During second trimester of fetal development, primary site of blood cell production is

Which organ is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes and regulating CD4 and CD8 expression

The best source of bone marrow for a 20 year old would be

Physiologic programmed cell death is called

Which organ sequesters platelets?

What morphological change occurs during normal blood cell maturation?

What cell is a product of the CLP?

What cells are products of GMP?

What growth factor is produced in kidneys and used to treat anemia?

What cytokine is involved in early differentiation of HSCs?

What is one response to inadequate red cell production in severe anemia?

HSC's can adequately produce all lineages of blood cells over a lifetime because they

What cells are produced by MEPs?

What is an erythrocyte progenitor?

What is the most mature normoblast?

What erythroid precursor is blue pink with condensed chromatin and no nucleoli?

What does EPO affect?

Hypoxia stimulates RBC production by

In bone marrow RBC precursors are located

What determines timing of egress of RBC from bone marrow

What is most responsible for limiting normal RBC lifespan

Fragmentation hemolysis is due to

Extravascular hemolysis occurs when

A pronormoblast belongs to the

A cell with N:C of 4:1 is mostly

What RBC process doesnt require energy?

What pathway generates ATP anaerobically?

What is the role of 2,3 BPG?

What byproduct detoxifies peroxides in RBCs?

What helps maintain RBC shape?

Glycolipids of the RBC membrane

RBC membranes block large molecules but allow cations and small molecules to pass, this is called

RBC membrane phospholipids are arranged

RBC membrane cholesterol is replenished from

What portion of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway reduces iron to
the physiologic +2 from +3?

What is an example of an integral protein?

Abnormal membrane protein linkages may be seen as

A hemoglobin molecule is made of

What chains are Hemoglobin A made of

The rate limiting step in heme synthesis is suppression of

What form of hemoglobin is lowest affinity for oxygen?

In more acidic blood, which way is the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve shifted?

Which hemoglobin is predominant in newborns

What is the hemoglobin types from most to least common in healthy adults?

What is the structure of oxidized hemoglobin?

Globin subunits in hemoglobin form into

Alpha and beta genes are

2,3 BPG acts by

Iron is transported in plasma by

Most available iron in the body is stored as

Transferrin can be measured by

What test best reflects iron deficiency?

What membrane protein in enterocytes transports iron from the intestinal lumen?

How is iron incorporated into heme?

Iron is removed from cells by

After endocytosis, transferrin receptor is

What regulates release of iron from enterocytes?

How do you calculate percent transferrin saturation?

What are the axes of a Thomas plot?

Neutrophils and monocytes are direct descendants of a common progenitor known as

The stage in neutrophilic development where the nucleus is indented in a kidney shape and cytoplasm has lavendar secondary granules is called

Type II myeloblasts are categorized by

What is the function of neutrophils?

What immune cells regulate the immune response, mediate allergic inflammation, and destroy helminths?

What class of immunoglobulin reacts with basophils and mast cells?

What cell type can differentiate into macrophages, osteoclasts, or dendritic cells?

Macrophages role in adaptive immunity is

What is a B cell's final stage after activation?

What megakaryocyte progenitor undergoes endomitosis?

What growth factor induces megakaryocyte growth and differentiation?

What platelet organelle sequesters ionic calcium?

What platelet membrane receptor binds fibrinogen and supports platelet aggregation?

What platelet membrane phospholipid flips to the plasma side and serves as the assembly point for coagulation factors?

What eicosanoid metabolite produced by endos suppresses platelet activity?

What molecule is stored in platelet dense granules?

What plasma protein is needed for platelet adhesion?

Reticulated platelets can be enumerated in peripheral blood to detect

platelet adhesion refers to

If potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide are used to determine hemoglobin concentration the final product is

What interferes with cyanmethemoglobin method of hemoglobin determination?

What does reticulocyte count assess?

What happens to ESR if there is inflammation?

On automated CBC machines, what is hematocrit calculated from?

If MCHC is elevated and the peripheral shows agglutination, what will RBC count and MCV show?

Low voltage DC is used by automated machines to measure

Orthogonal light scatter is used to measure

What are common clinical symptoms of anemia?

What should be considered in a patient's history when investigating anemia?

What is reduced in long standing anemia?

Anemia where HSC's are diminished but RBC precursors are normal is considered anemia by mechanism of

What test value indicates shortened RBC lifespan and hemolytic anemia?

Poikilocytosis is detected by

In men and postmenopausal women with adequate diet, iron deficiency anemia most often results from

When would levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin be increased?

Hepcidin levels in anemia of chronic inflammation

sideroblastic anemias are caused by

Clinical consequences of pancytopenia are

Acquired aplastic anemia that is idiopathic

Acquired idiosyncratic aplastic anemia is caused by

What would you expect to find in a peripheral smear for severe aplastic anemia?

Anemia caused by chronic kidney disease is caused by

Unlike inherited aplastic anemia, Diamond Blackfan anemia

Define hemolytic disorder

Both fragmentation and macrophage mediated hemolysis will result in

What test is a good indicator of accelerated erythropoiesis?

What is consistent with megaloblastic anemia?

If folate levels are decreased but B12 levels are normal, what would you expect methylmalonic acid to be?

If folate levels are decreased but B12 levels are normal, what do you expect homocysteine levels to be?

If folate levels are normal and B12 levels are decreased, what do you expect methylmalonic acid levels to be?

Megaloblastic anemia can also be categorized as

Besides macrocytosis, megaloblastic anemia can be characterized by

What would you expect to find with elevated titers of intrinsic factor blocking antibodies?

What is the role of intrinsic factor?

What is the dominant metabolically active form of B12

Folate and vitamin B12 work together to produce

Why does megaloblastic anemia cause macrocytosis?

Pernicious anemia most commonly affects

What would you expect to find in classical fragmentation hemolysis?

What is a distinct symptom of hemolytic anemia?

What would you expect to find for macrophage mediated hemolytic anemia vs fragmentation anemia?

Where is the majority of urobilinogen excreted?

For hereditary spherocytosis, what do you expect to see in the CBC

Hereditary spherocytosis results in cells

Hereditary elliptocytosis is caused by

What do you expect to see in hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

Acanthocytes are associated with

G6PD deficiency is most commonly manifested as

The most common cause of hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia is

What feature is found in all microangiopathic hemolytic anemias?

Typical findings in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome are

Idiopathic TTP is caused by

What abnormal test results distinguish DIC from TTP or HUS?

What does haptoglobin do?

Which plasmodium can cause malaria relapses?

How does malaria cause anemia?

What RBC morphology is seen after a severe burn injury?

TTP unlike HUS displays

Immune hemolytic anemia is caused by

Immune hemolysis with IgM antibodies is mediated by

What RBC is typically found in IgG mediated hemolysis?

Positive DAT in autoimmune hemolytic anemia is evidence that

What are mechanisms of drug induced hemolytic anemia?

Drug adsorption induced AIHA occurs

DHTR (delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction) is

Chronic secondary cold agglutinin disease is most often associated with

A qualitative abnormality in hemoglobin incudes

When do patients with sickle cell disease usually exhibit symptoms

Megalobastic anemia in SCD can be prevented by prophylactic administration of

Whats the most definitive test for Hb S?

A blood film of an anemic patient with target cells, nucleated RBCs, and hexagonal crystals inside of RBCs indicates

Thalassemias are caused by

Hemolytic anemia associated with thalassemias is caused by

B thalassemia minor will cause an increase in which Hb?

B Thalassemia RBCs will usually be

The predominant Hb in B thalassemia major is

Hb H is formed by

Hb Bart is formed by

Sickle trait thalassemia progression resembles

A peripheral film that shows increased neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is highly suggestive of

A patient previously diagnosed with CML has circulating blasts and pros that total 30% of leukocytes, what phase is the disease

For PV peripheral blood findings typically include

A patient with platelet count of 700, observed abnormalities in platelet size/shape/granularity, a white count of 12, hemoglobin 11, and no Philadelphia chromosome is most likely to be diagnosed with

What are some common complications associated with ET?

What would you expect to find in the peripheral for a patient with Primary myelofibrosis?

Myelofibrosis in PMF is caused by

A patient previously diagnosed with CML has circulating blasts and pros that total 20% of leukocytes, what phase is the disease

Myelodysplastic syndromes are most common in age group of

What finding in peripheral blood and bone marrow examination is a major indication of MDS

Peripheral findings in MDS may include

The mitochondria of a ringed sideroblast encircles

What test would be best for differential of a patient with anemia, oval macrocytes, and hypersegmented neutrophils?

MDS often converts to

CML is classified by WHO as

The minimum percentage of blasts necessary for a diagnosis of acute leukemia is

A favorable sign for the prognosis of children diagnosed with ALL is

Cerebral infiltration with blasts is more commonly seen in

Tumor lysis syndrome is associated with

Pure erythroid leukemia is a disorder involving

The most common lymphoma in young adults is

The major difference between Hodgkin lymphoma and other B cell lymphomas is

The function of the lymph node germinal center is

B cells can produce highly specific immunoglobulins by process of

Marked paracortical expansion is most commonly seen in

The intimal cell that synthesizes VWF is

Factor VII activation is triggered by the structural protein

If platelets are not aggregating properly, an assay should be done for

Vitamin K will

fibrinopeptides A and B are produced by

What factor is fibrinogen?

What is factor II

Factor IX complexes with Factor VIII to act on

Factor VIII circulates bound to

Most coagulation factors are synthesized by

What is a typical form of anatomic bleeding?

The typical treatment for vitamin K deficiency is

Systemic bleeding is distinguished by

Primary hemostasis defect is often manifested as

Anatomic bleeding is usually associated with defects in

Thrombin time is an assay for