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Portal Hypertension- Surgical Diseases 4th Year- PMU

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Portal Hypertension- Surgical Diseases 4th Year- PMU

Question 1 of 11

1

If you want Flashcards go to
https://quizlet.com/_6qwiqw

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 11

1

Portal hypertension is defined by a portal pressure higher than

Select one of the following:

  • 5 mm Hg

  • 10 mm Hg

  • 15 mm Hg

  • 20 mm Hg

  • 25 mm Hg

Explanation

Question 3 of 11

1

Which collateral network is clinically the most important when we discuss development of portosystemic collateralization due to portal hypertension?

Select one of the following:

  • the recanalized umbilical vein from the left portal vein to the epigastric venous system (caput medusae)

  • retroperitoneal collateral vessels

  • collateral network through the coronary and short gastric veins to the azygos vein

  • the hemorrhoidal venous plexus

  • the anatomic and physiologic (e.g. capillarization of hepatic sinusoids) intrahepatic shunts

Explanation

Question 4 of 11

1

Which of these conditions accounts for approximately 50% of cases of portal hypertension in children?

Select one of the following:

  • Portal vein thrombosis

  • Schistosomiasis

  • Alcoholic cirrhosis

  • Budd-Chiari syndrome

  • Constrictive pericarditis

Explanation

Question 5 of 11

1

Alcohol cirrhosis, the most common cause of portal hypertension, usually causes increased resistance to portal flow at

Select one of the following:

  • the presinusoidal and sinusoidal levels

  • the sinusoidal and postsinusoidal levels

  • only the presinusoidal level

  • only the postsinusoidal level

  • all three levels

Explanation

Question 6 of 11

1

Which of these conditions can cause posthepatic portal hypertension?

Select one of the following:

  • portal vein thrombosis

  • alcoholic cirrhosis

  • schistosomiasis

  • heart failure

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 7 of 11

1

What is the most serious and life-threatening complication of portal hypertension?

Select one of the following:

  • ascites

  • hepatic encephalopathy

  • gastrointestinal bleeding

  • thrombocytopenia

  • anemia

Explanation

Question 8 of 11

1

A patient with liver cirrhosis and diagnosed esophageal varices is admitted to the hospital with low haemoglobin level and hematemesis. You already ensured adequate access (two large-bore intravenous lines), fluid infusion, type and crossmatch of blood, and judicious blood and products transfusion. How do you proceed?

Select one of the following:

  • prepare the patient for operation - total or selective shunt

  • prepare the patient for liver transplantation

  • prepare the patient for TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)

  • prepare the patient for endoscopic treatment (e.q., sclerosis or ligation)

  • perform a balloon tamponade with Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

Explanation

Question 9 of 11

1

Which is the most frequent complication in patients with portal hypertension who underwent non-selective shunt operation?

Select one of the following:

  • leukopenia

  • thrombocytopenia

  • ascites

  • rebleeding from esophageal varices

  • postoperative encephalopathy

Explanation

Question 10 of 11

1

Which is the most frequently used selective shunt?

Select one of the following:

  • left gastric-venacaval shunt

  • the distal splenorenal shunt

  • the end-to-side portacaval shunt

  • side-to-side portacaval shunt

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 11 of 11

1

In addition to endoscopic treatment in cases of bleeding from esophageal varices we can add pharmacotherapy for better results. What medications do we use?

Select one of the following:

  • somatostatin

  • vasopressin

  • antibiotics

  • beta-blockers

  • all of the above

Explanation

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