BVetMed3: Diseases of Pregnancy

Venereal infection

Brucellosis

Postpartum infections

Equine placenta during pregnancy

There is increased disease resistance under the influence of progesterone

The uterus is more susceptible to infection during the follicular phase of oestrus

At oestrus, there is better drainage through an open cervix

Inflammation in the uterus can result in increased PGF2a production

paraovarian cyst

follicular cyst

luteal cyst

vacuolated corpora lutea

Cystic corpora lutea

Follicular cyst

Luteal cyst

They all affect fertility and ovulation

cystadenomas are often bilateral

transcoelomic spread is possible with epithelial neoplasms

granulosa-theca cell tumours are often benign and unilateral in the mare and cow

teratomas are mostly benigh and undifferentiated

pyometra

cystadenoma

granulosa cell tumors

hydrosalpinx

Endometritis

Metritis

Hydrosalpinx

Pyometra

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis

Endometritis is limited to the uterine mucosa

Endometritis can occur post service or postpartum

In chronic cases of metritis, you often find persistent CL in the mare and cow

Metritis can be life threatening due to septicaemia

Metritis is inflammation of all layers of the uterine wall

Occurs mostly in multiparous animals

Cannot involve bacterial infections

Involves absorption of placental and foetal fluids

Involves an open cervix

Foetus becomes liquidified

A bacterial infection is required

Often sequel to pyometra or endometritis

It is common with venereal infections

Mummification

Maceration

Foetal Emphysema

SMEDI

Culture of placenta

Culture of foetal stomach contents

Culture of uterine tissue

Culture of any foetal tissue

Neospora caninum

Toxoplasma gondii

Schmallenberg virus

Bluetongue

5 MJ/litre

10 MJ/litre

8 MJ/litre

15 MJ/litre

50 MJ/day

21 MJ/day

63 MJ/day

72 MJ/day

Maize silage

Cereals

Hay

Haylage

Pasture

144 days

150 days

250 days

182 days

Too much concentrate will cause acidosis

VFI is increased around lambing

Pregnancy diagnosis usually occurs at 11-15 weeks gestation

VFI is incrementally increased until 2 weeks before lambing

VFI is dependent on a ewe's weight and number of foetuses

Calving

Late Lactation

Early Lactation

Dry Period

Fat Cow Syndrome is more severe than Fatty liver syndrome

Fat Dry cows are more likely to develop fatty liver syndrome

Putting fat dry cows on a low energy diet during the dry period will help prevent the development of fatty liver syndrome

Cows that lose excessive weight in the post partum period are more likely to develop fatty liver syndrome

2 weeks before calving

4 weeks before calving

At calving

Any time early lactation

1 week post calving

semen

respiratory secretions

faeces

blood

The dam has been infected by the pathogen during this pregnancy

The foetus has been infected by the pathogen during this pregnancy

This many have been a historic infection in the dam.

This may have been due to vaccination

This will have been the cause of abortion of the foetus

Dam

Foetal fluids

Placenta

PCR

EHV-1

EHV-3

EHV-2

EHV-4

EHV-1

EHV-2

EHV-3

EHV-4

It is a notifiable disease.

It enters via the respiratory tract

It enters via horizontal transmission in semen

In infects lymphocytes and endothelial cells and causes arteritis

You can control EAV by vaccinating mares

The virus persists in the testes of stallions

Stallions can shed the virus in semen without showing clinical signs

The virus persists in the endometrium of mares

BVDV

Bovine Herpes Virus-1

Schmallenberg Virus

Bluetongue

Aujezsky's disease

African Swine Fever

Classical Swine Fever

Procine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome

Swine Influenza

Early pregnancy

Mid pregnancy

Any stage of pregnancy

Late pregnancy

First trimester

Second trimester

Third trimester

Equally likely throughout entire gestation

Mostly occur following respiratory infections

They occur predominately at 4-8 months of gestation

It causes necrosis in the foetal liver and lungs

Abortion occurs immediately after infection

Schmallenberg

Bluetongue

BVDV

Classical Swine fever

EHV-1

Porcine parvovirus

Schmallenberg virus

Bluetongue

BVDV

placenta

GI tract

respiratory tract

reproductive tract

urinary tract

Aujeszky's disease

Classical swine fever

Bluetongue virus

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS)

Classical Swine Fever

Aujeszky's Virus

PRRS

Swine Influenza

Porcine Parvovirus

FLV

Feline parvovirus

FIV

Pseudorabies