With distributed operating systems, users need to be aware of which processor is actually running their applications.

a. True
b. False

In the 2010s, chips with millions of transistors that were very close together helped increase system performance dramatically.

a. True
b. False

The ____ is often very different from one operating system to the next, sometimes even between different versions of the same operating system.

a. User Interface
b. Process Manager
c. Memory Manager
d. File Manager

A ____ chip holds software that is used to start the computer.

a. RAM
b. ROM
c. CPU
d. buffer

The ____ uniquely identifies each resource, starts its operation, monitors its progress, and, finally, deallocates it, making the operating system available to the next waiting process.

a. Device Manager
b. File Manager
c. Keyboard Manager
d. Memory Manager

Each peripheral device has its own software, called a(n) ____, which contains the detailed instructions required to start that device, allocate it to a job, use the device correctly, and deallocate it when it’s appropriate.

a. device controller
b. device software
c. device handler
d. device driver

____ is the practice of using Internet-connected resources to perform processing, storage, or other operations.

a. Cloud computing
b. Command line interfacing
c. Process management
d. Network management

____ is where the data and instructions of a computer must reside to be processed.

a. CPU
b. Main memory
c. Read-only memory
d. I/O memory

The efficiency of a batch system is measured in ____, which is the number of jobs completed in a given amount of time.

a. processes
b. threads
c. throughput
d. turnaround time

____ systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

a.Embedded
b. Hybrid
c. Interactive
d. Real-time

There are two types of real-time systems depending on the consequences of missing the deadline. A ____ real-time system risks total system failure if the predicted time deadline is missed.

a. constrained
b. restricted
c. soft
d. hard

A hybrid system is a combination of ____ systems.

a. batch and interactive
b.batch and real-time
c. interactive and real-time
d. real-time and general-purpose

The name for the core portion of an operating system is the ____.

a. manager
b. center
c. nucleus
d. kernel

Starting in the 1950s, to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU, an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

a. control unit
b. scheduler
c. holder
d. buffer manager

The most common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the ____ concept, whereby the CPU was notified of events needing operating systems services.

a. paging
b. sharing
c. messaging
d. interrupt

A system with ____ divides programs into parts and keep them in secondary storage, bringing each part into memory only as it is needed.

a. virtual memory
b. shared memory
c. segmented processing
d. passive multiprogramming

In active multiprogramming, each program is allowed to use only a preset amount of CPU time before it is interrupted so another job can begin its execution. The interrupted job resumes execution at some later time. This idea is called ____.

a.shared processing
b. CPU sharing
c. time slicing
d. distributed processing

The word ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory), as opposed to being held in secondary storage.

a. hardware
b. firmware
c. software
d. shareware

____ allows separate partitions of a single server to support different operating systems.

a. Multiprocessing
b. Multithreading
c. Virtualization
d. Shared processing

With the development of ____ technology, a single chip was equipped with two or more processor cores.

a. multiprogramming
b. multimedia
c. networking
d. multicore