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Masters Pathoanatomy Quiz on Clinical Pathology (101-200) MCQs- Year 4 PMU, created by Med Student on 10/01/2019.

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Clinical Pathology (101-200) MCQs- Year 4 PMU

Question 1 of 100

1

Chronic bronchitis can be characterized by the following

Select one or more of the following:

  • hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer of the bronchi

  • squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium

  • can cause cor pulmonale chronicum

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 2 of 100

1

Which type of emphysema most frequently causes pneumothorax?

Select one or more of the following:

  • paraseptal

  • senile

  • bullous

  • centrolobular

Explanation

Question 3 of 100

1

In diffuse pulmonary emphysema we can notice the following changes

Select one or more of the following:

  • the lungs are with increased density

  • the lungs are enlarged

  • we observe atrophy of the interalveolar septi

  • there is hypertrophy of the interalveolar septi

Explanation

Question 4 of 100

1

What is the order in which we observe the different histological stages in pneumonia crouposa?

Select one or more of the following:

  • congestion, grey hepatisation, red hepatisation, resolution

  • grey hepatisation, congestion, red hepatisation, resolution

  • congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, resolution

  • congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, lung abscess

Explanation

Question 5 of 100

1

Which complications can we observe in lobar pneumonia?

Select one or more of the following:

  • carnification

  • fibrinous pleuritis

  • lung abscess

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 100

1

In which stage of pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can we hear crepitations?

Select one or more of the following:

  • grey hepatisation

  • congestion

  • resolution

  • red hepatisation

Explanation

Question 7 of 100

1

Pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can be detected in

Select one or more of the following:

  • the stage of congestion

  • the stage of grey hepatisation

  • there is no pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa

  • all stages

Explanation

Question 8 of 100

1

Characteristic features of hypostatic pneumonia

Select one or more of the following:

  • it is observed in the apical lobes of the lungs

  • it is unilateral

  • it is observed in the lower posterior segments of both lungs

  • there is impaired ventilation in the segments where it occurs

Explanation

Question 9 of 100

1

In hypostatic pneumonia

Select one or more of the following:

  • there is activation of saprophytic flora

  • it is caused by pneumococci

  • it is caused by Pneumocystis carini

  • there is hypoventilation in the lower posterior segments

Explanation

Question 10 of 100

1

In bronchopneumonia we can observe

Select one or more of the following:

  • scattered grey-yellow foci in the lung parenchyma

  • confluent grey-yellow foci

  • central collection of pus in these foci

  • rusty sputum

Explanation

Question 11 of 100

1

Bronchopneumonia is characterized by

Select one or more of the following:

  • high fever, weakness, cough

  • can be complicated by septicopyemia

  • can be descending from purulent bronchitis

  • mycetoma

Explanation

Question 12 of 100

1

Fungal pneumonia can be caused by

Select one or more of the following:

  • old age

  • long-term antibiotic treatment

  • in autoimmune diseases, where patients are treated with corticosteroids

  • immune deficit

Explanation

Question 13 of 100

1

In fungal pneumonia we can observe

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fungal colonies

  • Uncharacteristic clinical signs

  • Interstitial pneumonia

  • Van Gieson positive fungi

Explanation

Question 14 of 100

1

In interstitial pneumonia

Select one or more of the following:

  • there is involvement of only one lobe

  • the inflammatory infiltrate is rich in lymphocytes

  • plasma cells are seen in the inflammatory infiltrate

  • the interalveolar septi are thickened

Explanation

Question 15 of 100

1

In pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) we can observe the following histological changes

Select one or more of the following:

  • focal purulent inflammation

  • fibrino-purulent exudate in the alveoli

  • artificial detachment of the fibrin fibrils from the alveolar walls

  • spared alveoli filled with air

Explanation

Question 16 of 100

1

What are the characteristic microscopic features of chronic pyelonephritis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • pericapsular glomerulosclerosis

  • mesangial hyperplasia

  • lymphoid infiltrates in the interstitium

  • "thyroidization " of the tubules

Explanation

Question 17 of 100

1

What is the most common outcome of tubal pregnancy?

Select one or more of the following:

  • rupture of the fallopian tube

  • secondary peritoneal pregnancy

  • pregnancy with normal birth

  • fetal transition into lithopedion

Explanation

Question 18 of 100

1

Which of the following diseases affect the white substance of the brain?

Select one or more of the following:

  • post-vaccination encephalitis

  • polioencephalitis

  • multiple sclerosis

  • lethargic encephalitis

Explanation

Question 19 of 100

1

Where are the first and major vascular changes in hypertension?

Select one or more of the following:

  • aorta

  • vessels of muscle type

  • arterioles

  • veins

Explanation

Question 20 of 100

1

Specify which stages are not found in lobar pneumonia

Select one or more of the following:

  • proliferative

  • gray hepatization

  • red hepatization

  • resolution

Explanation

Question 21 of 100

1

The most common case of acute post hemorrhagic anemia are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • acute hemolysis

  • traumatic

  • intoxication

  • all three above

Explanation

Question 22 of 100

1

Which are tumor-like processes in the mouth

Select one or more of the following:

  • polyp

  • fibroma

  • hemangioma

  • epulis

Explanation

Question 23 of 100

1

In myeloma often develops

Select one or more of the following:

  • hyper-para-proteinemia

  • amyloidosis

  • renal failure

  • chronic pyelonephritis

Explanation

Question 24 of 100

1

In periarteritis nodosa occur

Select one or more of the following:

  • calcium deposits in the vessel wall

  • endarteriitic changes

  • fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel wall

  • amyloidosis

Explanation

Question 25 of 100

1

Tubulorexis is seen in

Select one or more of the following:

  • acute pyelonephritis

  • ischemic tubular necrosis

  • toxic tubular necrosis

  • urinary acid attack

Explanation

Question 26 of 100

1

Which of the above pathological processes, refers to the proliferative state of rheumatism?

Select one or more of the following:

  • mucoid edema

  • fibrinoid deposition

  • growth of connective tissue

  • formation of granulomas

Explanation

Question 27 of 100

1

Basal leptomeningitis is found in

Select one or more of the following:

  • sepsis

  • tuberculosis

  • influenza

  • neurosyphilis

Explanation

Question 28 of 100

1

What diseases comprise COPD

Select one or more of the following:

  • chronic bronchitis

  • primary pulmonary hypertension

  • lung carnification

  • pulmonary emphysema

Explanation

Question 29 of 100

1

Which of the ovarian tumors is related to transitional epithelium

Select one or more of the following:

  • Brenner tumor

  • Adrenoblastoma

  • Mucinous cystadenoma

  • Serous cystadenoma

Explanation

Question 30 of 100

1

Typical changes in the heart in hypertension are

Select one or more of the following:

  • hypertrophy of the left ventricle

  • hypertrophy of the right ventricle

  • mitral stenosis

  • brown atrophy of the liver

Explanation

Question 31 of 100

1

In classical nephritic syndrome is found

Select one or more of the following:

  • heavy proteinuria over 3,5 g/24 h

  • erythrocytes in the urine

  • hypertension

  • azotemia

Explanation

Question 32 of 100

1

Which are the morphological subtypes of ameloblastoma

Select one or more of the following:

  • cystic

  • laminar

  • soft

  • solid

Explanation

Question 33 of 100

1

What complications can occur at the site of chronic heart aneurysm?

Select one or more of the following:

  • myocardial rupture

  • mural thrombosis

  • regeneration of the muscle layer

  • adhesive pericarditis

Explanation

Question 34 of 100

1

Indicate where the viruses of hepatitis A and B replicate after enteral or parenteral penetration

Select one or more of the following:

  • intestines

  • in mesenteric lymph nodes

  • in other lymphoid organs

  • in liver

Explanation

Question 35 of 100

1

Serous meningitis can be caused by

Select one or more of the following:

  • herpes simplex infection

  • a streptococcal infection

  • influenza infection

  • mumps

Explanation

Question 36 of 100

1

"Big white kidneys " are seen in

Select one or more of the following:

  • chronic pyelonephritis

  • rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

  • renal amyloidosis

  • diabetic nephropathy

Explanation

Question 37 of 100

1

Lobar pneumonia is

Select one or more of the following:

  • lobular

  • fibrinous

  • catarrhal

  • pleuropneumonia

Explanation

Question 38 of 100

1

What are the complications of atherosclerosis of the femoral artery

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombophlebitis

  • atrophy of the limb

  • gangrene

  • thrombosis

Explanation

Question 39 of 100

1

The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus is due to

Select one or more of the following:

  • the increased volume of CSF

  • swelling of the brain

  • imbalance between absorption and spinal fluid production

  • ischemia

Explanation

Question 40 of 100

1

Indicate which diseases are intraepithelial neoplasms

Select one or more of the following:

  • pre-cancers

  • tumor-like processes

  • invasive tumors

  • inflammatory diseases

Explanation

Question 41 of 100

1

When is mostly seen the acute aneurysm of the heart?

Select one or more of the following:

  • in the acute phase of myocardial infarction

  • in diphtheria myocarditis

  • rheumatic myocarditis

  • at aortic stenosis

Explanation

Question 42 of 100

1

Early carcinoma of the stomach means

Select one or more of the following:

  • carcinoma infiltrating submucosa

  • carcinoma in situ

  • carcinoma infiltrating muscular layer

  • carcinoma infiltrating the serosa

Explanation

Question 43 of 100

1

What is abortion?

Select one or more of the following:

  • an inflammatory condition

  • a spontaneous abortion

  • artificial interruption of pregnancy

  • tumor

Explanation

Question 44 of 100

1

Which of the following morphologic methods are used for classifying the lymphomas

Select one or more of the following:

  • Staining with van Gieson

  • PAS reaction

  • Staining with von Kossa

  • Immunohistochemistry

Explanation

Question 45 of 100

1

Which of these tumors frequently metastasize to bone

Select one or more of the following:

  • liposarcoma

  • osteosarcoma

  • prostate cancer

  • breast cancer

Explanation

Question 46 of 100

1

Which of the following thyroid cancer is associated with amyloidosis

Select one of the following:

  • Follicular carcinoma

  • Medullary carcinoma

Explanation

Question 47 of 100

1

Which type of lung carcinoma has the worst prognosis

Select one of the following:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma

  • Small cell carcinoma

Explanation

Question 48 of 100

1

Which of the following is true for medullary carcinoma of the breast

Select one of the following:

  • Worse prognosis

  • Prominent lymphoid infiltrate

Explanation

Question 49 of 100

1

Which of the following type of lipids has the highest association with atherosclerosis

Select one of the following:

  • Triglycerides

  • Low-density lipoproteins

Explanation

Question 50 of 100

1

Calcifying sclerosis of aorta and big arteries is type of

Select one of the following:

  • Dystrophic calcification

  • Metastaic calcification

Explanation

Question 51 of 100

1

The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is

Select one of the following:

  • Minimal change disease

  • Acute glomerulonephritis

Explanation

Question 52 of 100

1

Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in:

Select one of the following:

  • Acromegaly

  • Gigantism

Explanation

Question 53 of 100

1

The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in:

Select one of the following:

  • Papillary carcinoma

  • Follicular carcinoma

Explanation

Question 54 of 100

1

The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterized by ‘lndian file’ pattern of tumor cells

Select one of the following:

  • Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

  • Invasive lobular carcinoma

Explanation

Question 55 of 100

1

Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often

Select one of the following:

  • Peripheral prostate

  • Periurethral prostate

Explanation

Question 56 of 100

1

Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia

Select one or more of the following:

  • Low serum B12

  • Megaloblastic anaemia

  • Antibody against intrinsic factor of stomach

  • Gastric parietal cell antibody

Explanation

Question 57 of 100

1

Which of the following tumors have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis

Select one or more of the following:

  • Silicosis

  • Malignant mesothelioma

  • Squamous cell carcinoma

  • Laryngeal carcinoma

Explanation

Question 58 of 100

1

Which of the following features characterize ulcerative colitis, except

Select one or more of the following:

  • Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis

  • Superficial mucosal ulceration

  • Depletion of goblet cells and mucus

  • Stricture formation in chronic cases

Explanation

Question 59 of 100

1

Philadelphia chromosome is characterized by

Select one or more of the following:

  • translocation (8; 14)

  • translocation (9:22)

  • translocation (22:9)

  • translocation (14;8)

Explanation

Question 60 of 100

1

Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin’s disease

Select one or more of the following:

  • Histiocytic fibrosis

  • Lymphocytic depletion

  • Mixed cellularity

  • Nodular sclerosis

Explanation

Question 61 of 100

1

Pulseless disease is

Select one or more of the following:

  • Temporal arteritis

  • Kawasaki’s disease

  • Takayasu arteritis

  • Buerger’s disease

Explanation

Question 62 of 100

1

The morphologic variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin’s disease are

Select one or more of the following:

  • Cells with bilobed nucleus appearing as mirror image

  • Megaloblastic cells

  • Lacunar type cell

  • Large cleaved cells

Explanation

Question 63 of 100

1

Crohn’s disease is characterized by the following histopathologic features

Select one or more of the following:

  • Non-caseating sarcoid like granulomas

  • Deep transmural ulceration

  • Multiple abscesses

  • Pseudopolyps

Explanation

Question 64 of 100

1

According to monoclonal atherosclerotic hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is

Select one or more of the following:

  • Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells

  • Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells

  • Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes

  • Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells

Explanation

Question 65 of 100

1

Barrett’s oesophagus is

Select one or more of the following:

  • Congenital anomaly

  • Inflammatory disease

  • Metaplastic process

  • Neoplastic lesion

Explanation

Question 66 of 100

1

The most common site of involvement of atherosclerotic aneurysm is

Select one or more of the following:

  • Arch of aorta

  • Thoracic aorta

  • Suprarenal part of abdominal aorta

  • Intrarenal part of abdominal aorta

Explanation

Question 67 of 100

1

The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except

Select one or more of the following:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma

  • Small cell carcinoma

  • Large cell carcinoma

  • Adenocarcinoma

Explanation

Question 68 of 100

1

The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in route myocardial infarction is

Select one or more of the following:

  • Calcification

  • Coronary artery thrombosis

  • Aneurysm

  • Ulceration

Explanation

Question 69 of 100

1

In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with

Select one or more of the following:

  • Duration of hypertension

  • Severity of hypertension

  • Cause of hypertension

  • Severity of coronary atherosclerosis

Explanation

Question 70 of 100

1

The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is

Select one or more of the following:

  • Staphylococci

  • Streptococci

  • Pneumococci

  • Haemophilus

Explanation

Question 71 of 100

1

The common complications of gastric ulcer are

Select one or more of the following:

  • penetration

  • pneumonia

  • hemorrhage

  • perforation

Explanation

Question 72 of 100

1

Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis

Select one or more of the following:

  • type A

  • type B

  • type C

  • all the tree answers are correct

Explanation

Question 73 of 100

1

What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombophlebitis

  • diabetes mellitus

  • gangrene

  • pulmonary thromboembolism

Explanation

Question 74 of 100

1

Nephrotic syndrome develops in

Select one or more of the following:

  • urine retention

  • acute renal failure

  • acute pyelonephritis

  • glomerulonephritis

Explanation

Question 75 of 100

1

The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of

Select one or more of the following:

  • hematogenous dissemination

  • ascending dissemination

  • immune conflict

  • as a complication of glomerulonephritis

Explanation

Question 76 of 100

1

Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis

Select one or more of the following:

  • atherosclerosis

  • diabetes mellitus

  • diabetes insipidus

  • gout

Explanation

Question 77 of 100

1

Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumor in the

Select one or more of the following:

  • Uterine body

  • Ovaries

  • Fallopian tubes

  • Uterine cervix

Explanation

Question 78 of 100

1

Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Van Gieson staining

  • PAS

  • Von Kossa staining

  • Immunohistochemistry

Explanation

Question 79 of 100

1

Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma

Select one or more of the following:

  • mantle pneumonia

  • brown induration of lungs

  • empyema

  • massive hemorrhage

Explanation

Question 80 of 100

1

Determine the pathological process in the lung parenchyma, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages

Select one or more of the following:

  • acute pulmonary abscess

  • chronic pulmonary abscess

  • bronchiectasis

  • lung cancer in decay

Explanation

Question 81 of 100

1

Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema

Select one or more of the following:

  • decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum

  • lungs with increased volume

  • thick consistency of the lungs

  • reduced elasticity and soft consistency

Explanation

Question 82 of 100

1

What disease is endometriosis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Inflammation of the uterine mucosa

  • Inflammation of the uterine cervix

  • Dishormonal disease

  • Tumor

Explanation

Question 83 of 100

1

Gynecomastia is a disease of

Select one or more of the following:

  • breast in women

  • ovaries

  • male breast

  • testes

Explanation

Question 84 of 100

1

What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • siphilides

  • ulcus durum

  • gumma

  • generalized lymphadenitis

Explanation

Question 85 of 100

1

For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical

Select one or more of the following:

  • purulent infiltration in the meninges

  • endarteriitis obliterans

  • granulomatous inflammation

  • caseous necrosis

Explanation

Question 86 of 100

1

Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • cor hypertonicum

  • disease of the lungs associated with mineral dust inhalation

  • pneumonia

  • infection of the bronchial wall and lung parenchyma

Explanation

Question 87 of 100

1

Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?

Select one or more of the following:

  • chronic bronchitis

  • smoking

  • influenza

  • work/ environmental factors

Explanation

Question 88 of 100

1

What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?

Select one or more of the following:

  • fibrinous

  • serous

  • hemorrhagic

  • purulent

Explanation

Question 89 of 100

1

What forms of silicosis do you know?

Select one or more of the following:

  • nodular

  • diffuse-sclerotic

  • senile

  • combination of a) and b)

Explanation

Question 90 of 100

1

Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym

Select one or more of the following:

  • Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome

  • Pancoast-Tobias

  • Ptosis and miosis

  • Enophthalmus

Explanation

Question 91 of 100

1

Which diseases complicate siliscosis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • cor hypertonicum

  • cor pulmonale chronicum

  • tuberculosis

  • pneumofibrosis

Explanation

Question 92 of 100

1

Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following:

Select one or more of the following:

  • ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis

  • ptosis, miosis, increased sweating

  • ptosis. miosis, pseudoenophthalmus

  • anhydrosis

Explanation

Question 93 of 100

1

What possible gross changes we see in lung carcinoma?

Select one or more of the following:

  • pneumonia-like form

  • ill-defined central node connected to a bronchus

  • linitis plastic

  • peripheral ill-defined node

Explanation

Question 94 of 100

1

Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by

Select one or more of the following:

  • squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium

  • phases of purulent inflammation

  • productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years

  • productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years

Explanation

Question 95 of 100

1

Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs

Select one or more of the following:

  • in the middle lobe of the left lung

  • after squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi

  • as an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus

  • forming nests of tumor cells producing keratin

Explanation

Question 96 of 100

1

In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe

Select one or more of the following:

  • numerous tumor cells with scant stroma

  • the tumor cells resemble oat-grains

  • it grows in a pneumonia-like fashion

  • the tumor cells have very high proliferative rate

Explanation

Question 97 of 100

1

Bronchiolo-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterized by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen

  • it is a form of squamous cell carcinoma

  • the cells produce keratin

  • it is a form of adenocarcinoma

Explanation

Question 98 of 100

1

Hodgkin lymphoma has

Select one or more of the following:

  • Five histological variants

  • Hodgkin cells

  • Reed-Stern berg cells

  • Polyclonal inflammatory background

Explanation

Question 99 of 100

1

In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe

Select one or more of the following:

  • effaced lymph node structure

  • nodular sclerosis histological form

  • mixed cellularity histological form

  • chronic myeloleukemia

Explanation

Question 100 of 100

1

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be

Select one or more of the following:

  • Nodal

  • B-cell and T -cell types

  • Extranodal

  • none of the above

Explanation

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