Jo O'Bar
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Study guide on Marine Biodiversity for Marine Vertebrates

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Jo O'Bar
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Marine Biodiversity and Conservation

Question 1 of 26

1

: complete range of species and biological communities, as well as genetic variation within species and all ecosystem processes
: all species on Earth, from single celled bacteria to multicellular kingdoms
: genetic variation within species, both amoung geographically disparate populations and among individuals within a single population
: the different biological communities and their associates with the chemical and physical environment

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    Biodiversity
    Species Diversity
    Genetic Diversity
    Ecosystem Diversity

Explanation

Question 2 of 26

1

Species are generally defined in 3 ways:

Select one or more of the following:

  • morphologically

  • biologically

  • evolutionarily

  • chemically

Explanation

Question 3 of 26

1

The most diverse places on Earth include:

Select one or more of the following:

  • tropical rainforests

  • coral reefs and deep sea

  • mediterranean-type communities

  • bay communities

  • open ocean

Explanation

Question 4 of 26

1

We are currentlyin the sixth major extinction event in Earth's history.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 26

1

Distribution and structure of terrestrial biodiversity lagged behind marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 26

1

What are the assumptions of a 2-factor CRD?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Independence of cells

  • Randomly Drawn Individuals in cells

  • HOV of the cells

  • Normality of the cells

  • Additivity of the cells

  • Multiplicity of the cells

  • Normality of measurement units

  • Independence of measurement units

  • HOV of measurement units

Explanation

Question 7 of 26

1

Biodiversity measures:
(S)
(H')
(Q)

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    Species richness
    Shannon Diversity
    Rao's quadratic entropy index

Explanation

Question 8 of 26

1

Biodiversity hospots:

Select one of the following:

  • places with exceptional concentrations of endiemic species

  • hydrothermal vents, where there is high diversity

Explanation

Question 9 of 26

1

Ecological processes that drive biodiversity:

Select one or more of the following:

  • reproduction

  • growth

  • recruitment

  • vagile species

  • agile species

  • no apex predators

Explanation

Question 10 of 26

1

How do you quantify species richness?

Select one of the following:

  • Sum of species of a particular taxonomic grouping within an area of interest (S)

  • Sum of number of species and their abundances of a particular taxonomic group with an area of interest (H')

Explanation

Question 11 of 26

1

How do you quantify species diversity?

Select one of the following:

  • Sum of number of species and their abundances of a particular taxonomic group with an area of interest (H')

  • Sum of species of a particular taxonomic grouping within an area of interest (S)

Explanation

Question 12 of 26

1

Conservation is concerned with:

Select one of the following:

  • loss of biodiversity on every scale

  • phylogeny and classification

  • diversity of species

Explanation

Question 13 of 26

1

____________ is the change in how a system is measured against a previous reference point, which may themselves represent a significant change from an earlier state of the system

Select one of the following:

  • Shifting Baseline Syndrome

  • Shifting Outlook Syndrome

  • Changing Baseline Syndrome

  • Changing Outlook Syndrome

Explanation

Question 14 of 26

1

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In the ( 11th, 10th, 12th, 14th ) century, England switched from ( freshwater, saltwater ) to ( saltwater, freshwater ) fishing. this was due both to the depletion of ( freshwater, saltwater ) species and the development of new fishing ( technology, locations ), such as better nets and boats.

Explanation

Question 15 of 26

1

Humans have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering function and provisioning of services in every ocean

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 26

1

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Current ocean trends coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons suggest marine defaunation rates will rapidly ( intensify, decrease ) as human use of oceans industrializes

Explanation

Question 17 of 26

1

Marine defaunation has gone too far for the ocean to recover.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 26

1

What is the allee effect?

Select one or more of the following:

  • inverse density-dependence or depensation

  • increases in population density result in increased per capita population growth

  • increases in population density result in decreased per capita population growth

  • low population density, after some threshold density, population growth will decrese

Explanation

Question 19 of 26

1

Major causes of biodiversity loss include...

Select one or more of the following:

  • overhunting/overexploitation

  • introduced species

  • chains of extinctions

  • habitat destruction

  • climate change

  • extinction synergies

  • natural apex predators

Explanation

Question 20 of 26

1

Overfishing results in...

Select one or more of the following:

  • reduced abundance

  • fisheries induced evolution

  • recruitment variability

  • overly-aggressive fish

Explanation

Question 21 of 26

1

Examples of Fisheries-induced evolution include...

Select one or more of the following:

  • reduced size

  • growth rates

  • reduced fecundity

  • earlier age- and size-at-maturity

  • later age-and size-at-maturity

  • increased size

Explanation

Question 22 of 26

1

What is the maximum sustainable yield?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Theoretical

  • maximum yield that can be taken from specific fish stock over an indefinite period of time

  • under constant environmental conditions

  • maximum yield that can be taken from specific fish stock of a definite period of time

  • precautionary principle used to justify discretionary decisions

  • principle used to quantify exact number of fish in the sea

Explanation

Question 23 of 26

1

Invasive species:

Select one or more of the following:

  • increase competition and predation

  • create trophic cascades

  • are usually great for the ecosystem

  • are usually detrimental for the ecosystem

  • modify ecosystem and habitat

  • decrease competition and predation

Explanation

Question 24 of 26

1

Soft sediment is important because...

Select one or more of the following:

  • largest habitat in the ocean

  • high biodiversity

  • highly productive

  • low biodiversity

  • little productivity

Explanation

Question 25 of 26

1

Soft sediment restoration is mainly happening by

Select one of the following:

  • reducing fishing pressure

  • increasing fishing pressure

  • stricter boating rules to reduce trawl damage

  • looser boating rules to increase trawl damage

Explanation

Question 26 of 26

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Trophic cascades occur in two directions: ( bottom-up, top-bottom ) (foundation species) and ( top-bottom, bottom-top ) (predator release).

Explanation

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