Chondrichthyes

Question 1 of 47

1

Chondrichthyes are also known as...

Select one of the following:

cartilaginous fish
bony fish
molluscs
hagfish

Explanation

Question 2 of 47

1

Chondrichthyes are characterized by...

Select one or more of the following:

cartilaginous skeletons
teeth independent of jaw
no swim bladder
pelvic claspers
gill slits
swim bladder
bony skeletons
sharp teeth
no gill slits

Explanation

Question 3 of 47

1

❌ (❌) have a single gill opening, bulky head, and venomous spine in front of the dorsal fin.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Subclass holocephali

Subclass Elasmobranchii

ratfishes

guitarfish

sawfish

Explanation

Question 4 of 47

1

❌--ratfishes--deepwater, upper jaws fused to skull, opercula

❌--guitarfish and skates--rajiform swimming, enlarged pectoral fins

Pristiformes--❌--long snout with numerous teeth

❌--sting rays, manta rays, eagle rays--swim by flapping pectoral fins

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Chimaeriformes

Lamniformes

Hexanchiformes

Rajiformes

Torpediniformes

Squaliformes

sawfish

dogfish, lantern

angel sharks

Myliobatiformes

Squatiniformes

Explanation

Question 5 of 47

1

❌--electric rays--produce electric discharge

Hexanchiformes--❌--6 or 7 gill slits

❌--great white, thresher, basking--two dorsal fins, 5 gill slits

❌--whale, bamboo, nurse--two dorsal fins, small gill slits, 4th and 5th overlapping

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Torpediniformes

Chimaeriformes

Rajiformes

cow sharks, frilled sharks

saw sharks

angel sharks

Lamniformes

Pristiformes

Squaliformes

Orectolobiformes

Carcharhiniformes

Myliobatiformes

Explanation

Question 6 of 47

1

❌--saw sharks--lengthened snout, two dorsal fins, no anal fin

Squaliformes--❌--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, 5 gill slits

Squatiniformes--❌--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, pectoral and pelvic fins broad

❌--hammerhead, bonnethead, blacktip reef, bull--two dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits, nictitating membrane

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Pristiophoriformes

Chimaeriformes

Rajiformes

dogfish, lantern

guitarfish and skates

angel sharks

cow sharks, frilled sharks

sawfish

Carcharhiniformes

Hexanchiformes

Torpediniformes

Explanation

Question 7 of 47

1

Chimaeriformes, Myliobatiformes, and Lamniformes are all examples of __________ classes.

Select one of the following:

Elasmobranch
Shark
Olithobranch

Explanation

Question 8 of 47

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Chondrichthyans all have enlarged lipid-filled ( livers, swim bladders, stomachs ), used for ( buoyancy control, energy storage, temperature control ).

Explanation

Question 9 of 47

1

Chondrichthyans use high-energy ketone bodies as metabolic substrates

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 47

1

Chondrichthyans have low blood urea concentrations.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 47

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Chondrichthyans have a ( cartilaginous, bony ) skeleton. They ( lost, retained ) dermal bone, ( retained, lost ) dentine.

Explanation

Question 12 of 47

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Cartilage is ( less, more ) dense than bone, so it assists in ( buoyancy, durability ).

Explanation

Question 13 of 47

1

Match the organ/adaptation to its sensory application.

Vision: ❌
Electroreception: ❌ and ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Tapetum Lucidum

Lateral Line

Ampullae of Lorenzini

Nictitating Membrane

Neuromast organs

Hyomandibula

Explanation

Question 14 of 47

1

Which adaptation (made of guanine crystals) increases visual acuity in twilight?

Select one of the following:

tapetum lucidum
ampullae of Lorenzini
nictating membrane

Explanation

Question 15 of 47

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Chondrichthyes initially locate prey using ( olfaction, vision, electroreception ), then identify them using ( olfaction, vision, electroreception ), and track them during the attack using ( olfaction, vision, electroreception ).

Explanation

Question 16 of 47

1

What is the nictating membrane?

Select one of the following:

An opaque eyelid to protect eye when vision is no longer the primary sensory apparatus
An oily membrane coating the liver to further assist in buoyancy
A thin membrane to protect the nostrils when olfaction is no longer the primary sensory apparatus
The membrane around the embryo in Chondrichthyes

Explanation

Question 17 of 47

1

What is hyostylic jaw suspension?

Select one of the following:

upper jaw moves independently from skull, ligaments points of articulation
attatched palatoquadrate to skull
anothe name for a protruding jaw

Explanation

Question 18 of 47

1

What are the advantages of hyostylic jaw suspension?

Select one or more of the following:

allows for greater suction
improved precision in feeding
decreases suction
a funny smile

Explanation

Question 19 of 47

1

What is an amphistylic jaw suspension?

Select one of the following:

attached palatoquadrate to skull
upper jaw moves independently from skull, ligaments points of articulation
another name for a protrusible jaw

Explanation

Question 20 of 47

1

Suction feeding:

Select one or more of the following:

muscles swing hyomandibula laterally and anteriorly
hyomandibular extension
palatoquadrate is protruded to limits of elastic ligaments on orbital processes
protrusion drops mouth away from head
dentition secialized to allow swollowing whole

Explanation

Question 21 of 47

1

Ram feeding:

Select one or more of the following:

protrusion drops mouth away from head
dentition specialized to allow swallowing whole
muscles swing hyomandibula laterally and anteriorly
hyomandibular extansion
palatoquadrate is protruded to limits of elastic ligaments on orbital processes

Explanation

Question 22 of 47

1

Chondrichthyes teeth are attached to the jaw via:

Select one of the following:

collagen
cartilage
crazy glue

Explanation

Question 23 of 47

1

Chondrichthyes predatory behaviors:

Select one or more of the following:

roving behavior
bioluminescent lures
sub-lethal bites
suction feeding
filter feeding

Explanation

Question 24 of 47

1

❌: swimming back and forth across prey fields (❌)

❌: deep-sea sharks

❌: cookie-cutter sharks

❌: carpet sharks, leopard sharks...

❌: whale sharks, basking sharks, megamouth sharks (❌)

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Roving behavior

Bioluminescent lures

Sub-lethal bites

Suction feeding

Filter feeding

seal & sea lion rookeries

convergent evolution

Explanation

Question 25 of 47

1

Identify the specimen by common name, scientific name, and family.

Select one or more of the following:

Spotted Ratfish
Hydrolagus colliei
Family Chimaeridae
Family Carcharhinidae
Galeocerdo cuvieri
Sawfish

Explanation

Question 26 of 47

1

Identify by common name, scientific name, and family.

Select one or more of the following:

Whale Shark
Family Rhincodontidae
Rhincodon typus
Family Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus leucas
Blacktip Shark

Explanation

Question 27 of 47

1

Family Chimaeridae are characterized by:

Select one or more of the following:

single gill opening on each side
first dorsal fin preceded by spine
short rounded snout
long pointed caudal fin
humpback
2 dorsal fins

Explanation

Question 28 of 47

1

Check all that apply to the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Select one or more of the following:

long venemous spine
Habitat: soft bottoms to 500 fathoms
Diet: clams, crabs, shrimps, fishes
Reproduction: oviparous
IUCN status: Least Concern
IUCN status: Endangered
Reproduction: viviparous

Explanation

Question 29 of 47

1

Check all that apply to the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)

Select one or more of the following:

Largest fish in the world
Viviparous
Range: Circumtropical
Diet: plankton
Lunate tail
humpback
Range: Circumglobal
Diet: small fishes

Explanation

Question 30 of 47

1

Family Carcharhinidae are characterized by:

Select one or more of the following:

2 dorsal fins
elongate caudal fin pointed upward
only 1 functional row of blade-like teeth at once
venomous spine in front of dorsal fin
filter feeders

Explanation

Question 31 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Bull Shark
Carcharhinus leucas
inshore, no spiracle
IUCN status: near threatened
Carcharhinus limbatus
coastal and offshore, no spiracle, tips of pelvic fins black
Tiger Shark

Explanation

Question 32 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Blacktip Shark
Carcharhinus limbatus
coastal and offshore, no spiracle, tips of pelvic fins black
inshore, no spiracle
coastal and offshore, dark spots forming bars, small spiracle
IUCN status: near threatened
Carcharhinus leucas

Explanation

Question 33 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply.

Select one or more of the following:

Tiger Shark
Galeocerdo cuvieri
coastal and offshore, small spiracle, caudal peduncle with dermal reidge on each side
IUCN status: near threatened
IUCN status: endangered
Carcharhinus leucas
Bull Shark

Explanation

Question 34 of 47

1

Check all that apply to Family Sphyridae

Select one or more of the following:

Hammerhead Sharks
Greatly depressed and laterally expanded head
may have increased electrosensitivity
Two dorsal fins
upper lobe of caudal fin is elongate and pointed upward
Sawfishes

Explanation

Question 35 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Scalloped Hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini
anterior margin of head with median indentation
Habitat: near ocean surface
Viviparous
Diet: fish, squid, singrays
IUCN status: endangered
Sphyrna tiburo
Habitat: Shallow inshore waters

Explanation

Question 36 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Bonnethead shark
Sphyrna tiburo
Sphyrna lewini
Habitat: Shallow inshore waters
IUCN status: least concern
Diet: crustaceans, mollusks, fishes
Diet: fish, squid, stingrays
IUCN status: endangered

Explanation

Question 37 of 47

1

Check all that apply to Family Pristidae

Select one or more of the following:

Two well developed dorsal fins
Sawfish
Stingrays
Body greatly depressed
saw-like rostrum
can swim upstream to freshwater

Explanation

Question 38 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Smalltooth Sawfish
Pristis pectinata
moderately depressed body
Reproduction: Lecithotrophic viviparous
Habitat: estuaries, lower parts of rivers, shallow coastal waters
IUCN status: critically endangered
IUCN status: near threatened
Galeocerdo cuvieri

Explanation

Question 39 of 47

1

Check all that apply to Family Rajidae

Select one or more of the following:

Skates
body disc-like
wings shaped by pectoral fins & attatched to head
dorsal, anal, and caudal fins reduced
pectoral fins extend forward beyond mouth
dorsal fin absent
Stingrays

Explanation

Question 40 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Clearnose Skate
Raja eglanteria
sides of snout translucent, no ocellar spot, etire tail thorny
Diet: mollusks, crustaceans
Diet: polychaetes, benthic fishes
Habitat: shallow shores
IUCN status: Least Concern
Big Skate
Raja binoculata

Explanation

Question 41 of 47

1

Identify and check all that apply

Select one or more of the following:

Big Skate
Raja binoculata
front of disc concave, ocellus on each side of disk
Diet: polychaetes, benthic fishes
Habitat: over stoft bottoms, bering sea to baja California
Diet: mollusks, crustaceans
IUCN status: Least Concern
Raja eglanteria
Clearnose Skate

Explanation

Question 42 of 47

1

Check all that apply to Family Dasyatidae

Select one or more of the following:

Skates
Stingrays
Body greatly depressed
tail distinct from body
pectoral fins extend forward beyond mouth, dorsal fin absent
Wings shaped by pectoral fins and attatched to head

Explanation

Question 43 of 47

1

Check all that apply to Family Myliobatidae

Select one or more of the following:

Robust body with falcate pectoral fins
disc wider than long
anterior parts of pectoral fins for 1 or 2 subrostral lobes under snout
anterior subdivisions of pectoral fins modified as 2 separate fins known as cephalic fins
posterior edges of pectoral fins are falcate
Eagle Rays
Mantas

Explanation

Question 44 of 47

1

Check all that apply to Family Mobulidae

Select one or more of the following:

Lack large tooth plates
anterior subdivisions of pectoral fins modifed as 2 separate fins known as cephalic fins
Mantas
Eagle Rays
posterior edges of pectoral fins are facate
anterior parts of pectoral fins form 1 or 2 subrostral lobes under snout

Explanation

Question 45 of 47

1

Many shark species show recent and rapid declines in population size.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 46 of 47

1

Why are shark populations suceptible to rapid declines?

Select one of the following:

Low fecundity
Reproductive migratory behavior exposes sharks to human impacts
Apex predators are rare
Shark finning
Human fear and wanton killing
All of these answers are correct

Explanation

Question 47 of 47

1

Even healthy top predator populations can be small and probably even more vulerable to depletion. than previously expected

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by Jo O'Bar almost 6 years ago

Biology (Marine Vertebrates) Quiz on Chondrichthyes, created by Jo O'Bar on 11/10/2018.

Chondrichthyes

Question 1 of 47

Chondrichthyes are also known as...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 47

Chondrichthyes are characterized by...

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 47

❌ (❌) have a single gill opening, bulky head, and venomous spine in front of the dorsal fin.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 4 of 47

❌--ratfishes--deepwater, upper jaws fused to skull, opercula ❌--guitarfish and skates--rajiform swimming, enlarged pectoral fins Pristiformes--❌--long snout with numerous teeth ❌--sting rays, manta rays, eagle rays--swim by flapping pectoral fins

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 5 of 47

❌--electric rays--produce electric discharge Hexanchiformes--❌--6 or 7 gill slits ❌--great white, thresher, basking--two dorsal fins, 5 gill slits ❌--whale, bamboo, nurse--two dorsal fins, small gill slits, 4th and 5th overlapping

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 6 of 47

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 7 of 47

Chimaeriformes, Myliobatiformes, and Lamniformes are all examples of __________ classes.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 47

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Chondrichthyans all have enlarged lipid-filled livers swim bladders stomachs( livers, swim bladders, stomachs ), used for buoyancy control energy storage temperature control( buoyancy control, energy storage, temperature control ).

Explanation

Question 9 of 47

Chondrichthyans use high-energy ketone bodies as metabolic substrates

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 47

Chondrichthyans have low blood urea concentrations.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 47

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous bony( cartilaginous, bony ) skeleton. They lost retained( lost, retained ) dermal bone, retained lost( retained, lost ) dentine.

Explanation

Question 12 of 47

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Cartilage is less more( less, more ) dense than bone, so it assists in buoyancy durability( buoyancy, durability ).

Explanation

Question 13 of 47

Match the organ/adaptation to its sensory application. Vision: ❌ Electroreception: ❌ and ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 14 of 47

Which adaptation (made of guanine crystals) increases visual acuity in twilight?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 47

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 16 of 47

What is the nictating membrane?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 47

What is hyostylic jaw suspension?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 47

What are the advantages of hyostylic jaw suspension?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 47

What is an amphistylic jaw suspension?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 47

Suction feeding:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

❌--ratfishes--deepwater, upper jaws fused to skull, opercula

❌--guitarfish and skates--rajiform swimming, enlarged pectoral fins

Pristiformes--❌--long snout with numerous teeth

❌--sting rays, manta rays, eagle rays--swim by flapping pectoral fins

❌--electric rays--produce electric discharge

Hexanchiformes--❌--6 or 7 gill slits

❌--great white, thresher, basking--two dorsal fins, 5 gill slits

❌--whale, bamboo, nurse--two dorsal fins, small gill slits, 4th and 5th overlapping

Chondrichthyans all have enlarged lipid-filled ( livers, swim bladders, stomachs ), used for ( buoyancy control, energy storage, temperature control ).

Chondrichthyans have a ( cartilaginous, bony ) skeleton. They ( lost, retained ) dermal bone, ( retained, lost ) dentine.

Cartilage is ( less, more ) dense than bone, so it assists in ( buoyancy, durability ).

Match the organ/adaptation to its sensory application.

Vision: ❌
Electroreception: ❌ and ❌

❌: swimming back and forth across prey fields (❌)

❌: deep-sea sharks

❌: cookie-cutter sharks

❌: carpet sharks, leopard sharks...

❌: whale sharks, basking sharks, megamouth sharks (❌)