What is the most common form of Motor Neuron Disease?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP)
Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS)
Which type of motor neuron disease exhibits both upper and lower motor neuron degeneration?
Which type fo Motor Neuron Disease is also referred to as Lou Gehrig's Disease?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis typically presents at what age?
Around 40
Around 20
Around 60
Teenage years
The average survival for patients diagnosed with ALS is 2-4 10-20 15-20( 2-4, 10-20, 15-20 ) years, with most eventually dying of respiratory heart cerebral( respiratory, heart, cerebral ) failure
The most common symptoms of onset in ALS are spinal onset and bulbar onset. Match the type of onset to its symptoms: ❌ = Presents with progressive weakness in the arms and the legs ❌ = Presents with progressive weakness in the muscles of speech, chewing & swallowing.
Which of the following describe Babinski sign
Firm stroking of the sole of the foot causes plantarflexion of the foot
Firm stroking of the sole of the foot causes dorsiflexion of the foot
Firm stroking of the sole of the foot causes eversion of the foot
Firm stroking of the sole of the foot causes inversion of the foot
A clonic jaw reflex would suggest which type of ALS onset?
Bulbar onset
Spinal onset
Respiratory onset
The hands can be a prime indicator of ALS. Split hand syndrome seen in ALS describes the preferential wasting of the thenar hypothenar( thenar, hypothenar ) muscle group.
Primary Lateral Sclerosis differs from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in that it does NOT show signs of lower upper( lower, upper ) motor neuron degeneration
Which condition has a better prognosis?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Primary Lateral Sclerosis
There is a strong link between ALS and which type of dementia?
Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease)
Vascular Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease
Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Babinski Sign suggests that a patient has experienced upper lower( upper, lower ) motor neuron degeneration
What are the two most common causes of death in ALS patients?
Respiratory failure
Pneumonia
Cardiac failure
Endocarditis
Lung cancer
Choking from aspiration
The pathological hallmark of ALS is the presence of inclusion subtrusian lewy tau ubiquitin( inclusion, subtrusian, lewy, tau, ubiquitin ) bodies (abnormal aggregations of protein) in the cytoplasm of motor neurons
How are reflexes affected by ALS?
Patients have hyperreflexia due to the UMN degeneration
Patients have hyporeflexia due to the LMN degeneration
Disease is an X-linked recessive condition of the motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Degeneration of these structures leads to weakness and muscle cramps. It is commonly misdiagnosed as ALS.
Kennedy's Disease only affects males only affects females affects males and females equally( only affects males, only affects females, affects males and females equally )
What is the main treatment for the respiratory failure seen in ALS patients?
Invasive ventilation
Non-invasive ventilation
Which sodium channel antagonist can be given to patients with ALS, prolonging their life by 2-3 months?