Mitch Thornell
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Tri 2 patho Quiz on Patho week 4, created by Mitch Thornell on 09/08/2018.

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Mitch Thornell
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Patho week 4

Question 1 of 29

1

1. A 65-year-old female with emphysema presents to the ED for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals bluish skin and mucous membranes. This condition is referred to as:

Select one of the following:

  • haemoptysis

  • Hypothermia

  • haematemesis

  • cyanosis

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

1. A 30-year-old male is experiencing respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would be expected?

Select one of the following:

  • low PaCO2

  • Normal blood pH

  • low PaO2

  • electrolyte imbalances

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

1

A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia following a urinary tract infection. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. This condition is referred to as:

Select one of the following:

  • dyspnoea.

  • cyanosis

  • orthopnoea

  • hyperpnoea

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood is called:

Select one of the following:

  • hypoxia

  • hypocapnia.

  • hypoxaemia

  • ischaemia

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

1

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea generally occurs with:

Select one of the following:

  • pulmonary fibrosis.

  • asthma

  • left ventricular failure.

  • hypertension.

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

1. What disease of the lungs is a contagious, airborne bacterial infection that causes fibrotic, calcified lesions that are visible on an X-ray?

Select one of the following:

  • tuberculosis

  • diphtheria

  • lobar pneumonia

  • legionellosis

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

1. Pneumonia is caused by:

Select one of the following:

  • use of anaesthetic agents in surgery

  • atelectasis

  • chronic lung changes seen with ageing

  • viral or bacterial infections

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

1. A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos and radiation at his job. Which of the following most likely had the greatest impact on development of his cancer?

Select one of the following:

  • cigarette smoke

  • radiation

  • asbestos

  • air pollution

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

1. This condition involves inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi; is also known as laryngotracheobronchitis; involves copious mucus secretion; has a distinctive barking cough; and is potentially dangerous in infants.

Select one of the following:

  • croup

  • laryngeal pneumonia

  • rhinitis

  • pertussis

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

1

1. This condition is an inflammatory response with extensive mucus production and submucosal oedema, resulting in widespread obstruction of bronchioles. It is of particular concern when present in infants.

Select one of the following:

  • histoplasmosis

  • pneumonia

  • tonsillitis

  • bronchiolitis

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

What would be the most effective compensation for chronic respiratory acidosis?

Select one of the following:

  • The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions

  • The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions

  • The kidneys producing more lactic acid

  • The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

What would hypercapnia cause?

Select one of the following:

  • Respiratory acidosis

  • Decreased carbonic acid in the blood

  • Increased blood pH

  • Decreased respirations

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

Changes in PCO2 tend to affect the pH of blood.

Select one of the following:

  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to decrease blood pH

  • False, blood pH is largely unaffected by PCO2.

  • True, and decreases in PCO2 tend to decrease pH.

  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to increase pH.

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

50-year-old male with diabetes did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations that can be characterised by:

Select one of the following:

  • an increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes and no expiratory pause

  • rapid respirations with periods of apnoea.

  • audible wheezing or stridor.

  • very slow inhalations and rapid expirations

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

1

A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered

Select one of the following:

  • hospital-acquired pneumonia.

  • community-acquired pneumonia.

  • Health care–associated

  • viral pneumonia

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1


What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Select one of the following:

  • Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva

  • Hoarse voice and barking cough

  • Sneezing, mild cough, and fever

  • Hyperinflation of the chest and stridor

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1


Which type of lung cancer is most commonly associated with a history of smoking?

Select one of the following:

  • small cell carcinoma

  • squamous cell carcinoma

  • adenocarcinoma

  • mesothelioma

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1


Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

Select one of the following:

  • Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum

  • Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain

  • Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum

  • Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

Obstruction in the upper airway is usually indicated by:

Select one of the following:

  • stridor

  • rales

  • orthopnoea

  • wheezing

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

Changes in PCO2 tend to affect the pH of blood.

Select one of the following:

  • True, and decreases in PCO2 tend to decrease pH.

  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to decrease blood pH.

  • True, and increases in PCO2 tend to increase pH.

  • False, blood pH is largely unaffected by PCO2.

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1


Anxiety-provoked hyperventilation will:

Select one of the following:

  • will not affect PCO2 but will increase PO2 significantly

  • increase PCO2 quite markedly, and increase PO2 to a similar extent

  • decrease PCO2 quite markedly, and increase PO2 to small extent

  • increase PO2 significantly, and increase PCO2 slightly

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

1


A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Select one of the following:

  • pain neurons producing bicarbonate buffer

  • hypoventilation

  • hyperventilation

  • apnoea

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

1

A 50-year-old male with diabetes did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations that can be characterised by:

Select one of the following:

  • audible wheezing or stridor.

  • rapid respirations with periods of apnoea.

  • an increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes and no expiratory pause

  • very slow inhalations and rapid expirations

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

1

What disease of the lungs is a contagious, airborne bacterial infection that causes fibrotic, calcified lesions that are visible on an X-ray?

Select one of the following:

  • mesothelioma

  • diphtheria

  • lobar pneumonia

  • tuberculosis

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

Select one of the following:

  • Damage of lung tissue due to smoking

  • emphysema

  • cancer tumour

  • Bacteria infection

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

What would hypercapnia cause;

Select one of the following:

  • Respiratory acidosis

  • decreased carbonic acid in the blood

  • increased blood pH

  • Decreased respirations

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

Select one of the following:

  • Serous nasal discharge, congestion and sneezing

  • Harsh barking cough and wheezing

  • Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain

  • copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

Which patient is most likely to have abnormalities in breathing regulation?

Select one of the following:

  • a 34-year-old male with damage to his upper and lower pons following a blow to the back of the head

  • a 66-year-old male with temporal lobe infarcts secondary to a stroke

  • a 45-year-old female with spinal cord injury at c7 following a motor vehicle accident

  • a 23-year-old male who has an injury to his frontal lobe following a sports injury

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

1

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion

  • too painful to breath

  • Inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air

  • Acidosis depresses respiration

Explanation

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