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Social Cognition & Moral Development

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Kelly Brown
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Chapter 13 quiz

Question 1 of 40

1

Georgia sees her friend Bill running down the street. Without warning, Bill falls flat on his face. While Georgia finds this funny, she does not laugh because she knows that Bill does not find this funny. In not laughing, Georgia is demonstrating

Select one of the following:

  • morality of justice.

  • egocentrism.

  • role-taking skills.

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

1

Mahatma bases all of his moral decisions on a simple rule: "Always follow the rules set by a legitimate authority." Mahatma would best be placed at the _____ level of moral reasoning.

Select one of the following:

  • unconventional

  • conventional

  • postconventional

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

1

According to Dodge's social information-processing model, an aggressive teenager who is run into when in a school hallway will likely

Select one of the following:

  • set a goal of soothing relationships with the person who hit him.

  • assume that the event was intentional.

  • consider a wide range of options for dealing with the situation.

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

1

Empathy refers to

Select one of the following:

  • being able to resist temptation.

  • knowing that someone holds a false belief.

  • vicariously experiencing another's feelings.

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

1

The purpose of _____ is to create anxiety by threatening a loss of reinforcement.

Select one of the following:

  • power assertion

  • induction

  • love withdrawal

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

1

The majority of adolescents have achieved Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

1

Pedro has just come to realize that while his dad, Carlos, believes that the Mets are the best professional baseball team, his uncle Alex believes just as strongly that the Yankees are the best team. The realization that two people can have different beliefs indicates that Pedro possesses

Select one of the following:

  • belief-psychology

  • power assertion.

  • preconventional morality.

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

1

Bubba is a football linebacker attempting to guess what play the opposing quarterback will call. He thinks to himself, "I know that QB really likes to pass the ball to score because when he does, the newspapers always write articles about him. Thus, I bet he'll pass the ball on the next play." Bubba's thoughts indicate that he possesses

Select one of the following:

  • a theory of mind.

  • postconventional moral thought.

  • joint attention.

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

1

Zola puts her toys away in the toy chest and goes to eat dinner. Her brother, unbeknownst to her, decides to take all of her toys and put them under his bed. As a child who has a theory of mind, when Zola returns after dinner, she will

Select one of the following:

  • look for her toys where her brother has hidden them.

  • look for her toys in the toy chest.

  • try to think of where her brother likes to hide things.

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

1

Studies on perspective-taking indicate that it is not until a child attains formal operational thinking that he or she is able to

Select one of the following:

  • form a theory of mind.

  • appreciate that two people can have different points of view, even with access to the same information.

  • mentally "juggle" several perspectives of others.

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

1

Which of the following is true regarding the development of role-taking skills?

Select one of the following:

  • Concrete-operational thinkers are capable of simultaneously considering several different points of view.

  • The ability to consider a situation from a number of different points of view increases the quality of one's social relationships.

  • By age four years, most children understand that parents may not think the way they do.

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

1

Little Debbie, who is two years old, loves cupcakes and hates fruit pie. She has observed that her mother hates cupcakes and loves fruit pies. If Debbie were handed a plate with a piece of pie and a different plate with a cupcake, and was asked to give one to her mother, Debbie would most likely

Select one of the following:

  • hand mom the cupcake.

  • hand mom the pie.

  • hand mom both plates.

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

1

By middle age, most adults have progressed to Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

1

Highly aggressive youth tend to

Select one of the following:

  • be highly accepted by most of their age peers.

  • consider many reactions (including passive ones) before acting aggressively.

  • believe that their aggressive acts will produce positive consequences.

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

1

Who is experiencing an empathic response?

Select one of the following:

  • Daisy, who feels bad that she did not give money to a street person

  • Lily, who is depressed because she lost her job

  • Rose, who cries as she watches a news documentary featuring a very distraught mother talking about a son she lost to AIDS

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

1

Desire psychology has been seen in children as young as six months of age.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

1

Which provides the best example of a social perspective-taking skill?

Select one of the following:

  • Understanding that the person across the table has beliefs in direct opposition to yours.

  • Realizing that an object hidden in one place may have been moved to another place.

  • Believing that your position on an issue is the most accurate.

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

1

Macy really wants the cool new jacket she has just seen in the store, but she does not have enough money to buy it. For a second, she thinks about stealing the jacket but decides that while stealing is not wrong, she might get punished if she is caught. Macy's moral reasoning appears to be at Kohlberg's _____ level.

Select one of the following:

  • conventional

  • preconventional

  • postconventional

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

1

Michelle wanted a "Beanie Baby" stuffed animal but didn't have the money to buy one. One day she was in a store at the mall, and when she thought no one was looking, she slipped a Beanie Baby into her bag and left without paying for it. Later, when she was playing with it, she found she wasn't enjoying herself very much, and she felt bad that she had stolen the toy. Taking the Beanie Baby from the store represents the _____ component of morality, while the fact that she felt badly represents the _____ component of morality.

Select one of the following:

  • behavioral; affective

  • cognitive; affective

  • affective; cognitive

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

1

Social cognition is best defined as

Select one of the following:

  • knowing who gets along with whom.

  • thinking about the thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors of one's self and others.

  • memories for interesting life events.

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

1

_____ morality transcends the perspective of specific groups and attempts to encompass the perspective of all people.

Select one of the following:

  • Preconventional

  • Postconventional

  • Conventional

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

1

Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of moral development claims that

Select one of the following:

  • regression from a higher to a lower stage of moral reasoning is quite common.

  • the sequence of stages one goes through may vary from one culture to another.

  • a person's stage of moral development is determined by the person's thoughts, rather than his or her actions.

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

1

Jessica feels guilty after taking pocket change from her father's dresser drawer. According to Freud, this emotional response best indicates that Jessica

Select one of the following:

  • is sexually attracted to her father.

  • is in the oral stage of development.

  • has successfully resolved an emotional conflict over her love for her father.

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

1

Adults who maintain their social cognitive abilities into old age tend to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT being

Select one of the following:

  • in a meaningful relationship (e.g., parent, grandparent).

  • well-educated.

  • socially isolated.

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

1

Coercive family environments refer to situations where family members

Select one of the following:

  • are locked in power struggles.

  • establish a power hierarchy that allows them to solve problems swiftly and smoothly.

  • eventually gain complete control over their children.

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

1

Kohlberg's approach to moral reasoning was most directly influenced by the work of

Select one of the following:

  • Freud

  • Piaget.

  • Skinner

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

1

Mr. Mitchell's son Dennis is a menace. Dennis is cruel to animals and often shoplifts. In attempting to explain Dennis's morals, Mr. Mitchell says, "I think that his moral habits were learned by watching bad television shows." Mr. Mitchell's comments are best associated with the _____ view concerning moral behavior.

Select one of the following:

  • Piagetian

  • psychodynamic

  • social learning theory

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

1

The actual act of stealing a car provides a good example of the _____ component of morality.

Select one of the following:

  • behavioral

  • affective

  • cognitive

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

1

Cognitive developmental theorists tend to view moral reasoning as involving

Select one of the following:

  • a set of behaviors acquired through observation.

  • a battle between id, ego, and superego.

  • the progression through an invariant sequence of ways of thinking.

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

1

Studies on perspective-taking indicate that it is not until a child attains concrete operational thinking that he or she is able to

Select one of the following:

  • form a theory of mind.

  • appreciate that two people can have different points of view, even with access to the same information.

  • mentally "juggle" several perspectives of others.

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

1

Every time his daughter Luci swears (something he does not like), Lou walks away from her (pays her no attention). This strategy provides a good example of the _____ parental approach.

Select one of the following:

  • love withdrawal

  • empathy

  • power assertion

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

1

According to Dodge's model, antisocial adolescents process information differently than other adolescents.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

1

Children as young as _____ have been shown to display visible signs of distress when they violate some standard of behavior.

Select one of the following:

  • newborns

  • two years old

  • six years old

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

1

Who would most likely NOT be held accountable for his or her actions because he or she is incapable of evaluating their behavior as "right" or "wrong"?

Select one of the following:

  • Lonnie, who is preconventional

  • Donnie, who is amoral

  • Connie, who displays heteronomous morality

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

1

According to Piaget, moral reasoning

Select one of the following:

  • is surprisingly unpredictable.

  • is less important than the actions that are taken.

  • progresses through universal stages.

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

1

At what level of moral development are the rules and standards of society internalized and held as one's own?

Select one of the following:

  • Postconventional

  • Conventional

  • Preconventional

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

1

What important advance in social cognition generally occurs at age 11 or 12?

Select one of the following:

  • Children begin to attempt to explain why people do what they do.

  • Children begin to describe others in terms of inner psychological traits and characteristics.

  • Children begin to focus heavily on others' physical appearance in their descriptions of them.

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

1

According to Piaget, the moral reasoning of children ages 6 to 10 emphasizes

Select one of the following:

  • intentions.

  • outcomes.

  • religious teachings.

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

1

An individual who is at Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development is most likely to

Select one of the following:

  • do something nice for someone so that the individual will be rewarded in return.

  • behave in ways that earn the approval and avoid the disapproval of others.

  • do anything to avoid being punished.

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

1

In summarizing the best parenting approach for fostering moral growth in children, Hoffman (2000) suggests a "blend of _____."

Select one of the following:

  • half inductions and half power assertions

  • frequent inductions, occasional power assertions, and a lot of affection

  • no inductions, some power assertions, and over-the-top affection

Explanation

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