Plymouth Med
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Content credits to Dayo (PUNS) and Will Adams (MegaTeach)

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Plymouth Med
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Head pathologies pt 2 :)

Question 1 of 42

1

Which of these tumors can metastasize to the CNS?

Select one or more of the following:

  • thyroid

  • bronchus

  • breast

  • stomach

  • kidney

  • prostate

  • melanoma

  • ovarian

  • mouth

  • liver

Explanation

Question 2 of 42

1

Which of these is not a common CNS tumor in children?

Select one of the following:

  • astrocytoma

  • ependyoma

  • medullablastoma

  • schwannoma

Explanation

Question 3 of 42

1

Meninngioma is more common in women

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Primary Brain Trauma
crashes
Falls
wounds

Secondary Brain Trauma
Brain

Meningitis

Explanation

Question 5 of 42

1

Which of these are potential complications of meningitis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • sepsis

  • hearing loss

  • epilepsy

  • vision loss

  • death

  • learning difficulties

  • partial paralysis

  • loss of taste

  • anaphylaxis

  • psychogenic behaviors

Explanation

Question 6 of 42

1

What are the contraindications to lumbar puncture?

Select one or more of the following:

  • brain herniation

  • convulsions

  • shock

  • extensive purpura

  • infection over site

  • coagulation abnormalities

  • meningitis

  • anticoagulation abnormalities

  • cluster headache

  • partial blindness

Explanation

Question 7 of 42

1

What is of clinical relevance regarding meningitis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • headache

  • fever

  • neck stiffness

  • photophobia

  • non-blanching rash

  • caused by virus, bacteria, or fungus

  • Kernig's sign

  • affects patient's balance/stability

  • in elderly cases, will resolve itself usually

  • blanching rash

Explanation

Question 8 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Treat all suspected meningitis with:
IM in community
IV / cefotaxime

If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give prophylaxis

Explanation

Question 9 of 42

1

If it's a meningitis medical emergency, treatment order:

Select one or more of the following:

  • 1. ABCDE

  • 2. Ceftriaxone 4mg IV stat

  • 3. Lumbar puncture

  • 4. Blood culture

  • 3. Blood culture

  • 2. Blood culture

  • 3. Ceftriaxone 4mg IV stat

  • 4. Lumbar puncture

  • 5. Bedside observations

Explanation

Question 10 of 42

1

Alzheimer's disease is inevitable in Down's syndrome

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 42

1

What is not a type of dementia?

Select one of the following:

  • Alzheimer's disease

  • Vascular dementia

  • Lewy body dementia

  • Fronto-temporal dementia

  • Cerebellar dementia

Explanation

Question 12 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In dementia, the patient presents with fluctuating cognitive impairment, detailed visual hallucinations, and later . Histology is characterized by in brainstem and neocortex.

Explanation

Question 13 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology.

Symptoms:
and personality change
preservation of memory and orientation

emotional unconcern

Explanation

Question 14 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic.
Look for evidence of pathology.

Management: Manage disease risk factors with changes +

Explanation

Question 15 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities.
Histology: characterised by neuritic and tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of .

Explanation

Question 16 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Alzheimer's disease

Management: approach
Medication: 1st line:
(an inhibitor)

Explanation

Question 17 of 42

1

What is not a major component of idiopathic parkinson's disease?

Select one of the following:

  • tremor

  • bradykinesia

  • rigidity

  • aphasia

Explanation

Question 18 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the where is produced.

Management: -

Explanation

Question 19 of 42

1

The afferent light reflex is due to the occulomotor nerve (CN3)

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is when the sympathetic nervous system to the eye is compromised.

Explanation

Question 21 of 42

1

What can cause Horner's syndrome?

Select one or more of the following:

  • CNS infarctions

  • CNS tumors

  • Carotid artery dissection

  • Neck malignancies

  • Cluster headaches

  • Tension-type headaches

  • Blindness

  • Vertebral artery dissection

Explanation

Question 22 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Presentation of Horner's Syndrome:

Classic triad:
Unilateral (constricted pupil)
Unilateral (eyelid drooping)
Unilateral apparent (sunken eye)

and Unilateral (inability to sweat)

Explanation

Question 23 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

palsy presents as down and out pupil with a drooping eyelid.

Explanation

Question 24 of 42

1

Majority of the extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the oculomotor nerve.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

palsy presents as difficulty looking down in an adducted position.

Explanation

Question 26 of 42

1

Trochlear nerve is very susceptible to trauma.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

palsy presents as difficulty with abduction of eyes.

Explanation

Question 28 of 42

1

Abducens nerve is rarely injured but trauma can cause compression of it.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

- is a persistent nerve pain that occurs at the site of a previous attack of shingles. It is difficult to treat but can be managed via neuropathic pain agents such as or gabapentin.

Explanation

Question 30 of 42

1

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome includes facial nerve palsy and hearing may be affected as a result.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 42

1

What are unilateral causes for facial nerve palsy?

Select one or more of the following:

  • hemispheric stroke

  • cerebellopontine angle tumor

  • bell's palsy

  • trauma

  • middle ear infection

  • ramsey hunt syndrome

  • ischemic stroke

  • saturday night palsy

  • inner ear infection

  • cushing's syndrome

Explanation

Question 32 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy causes hearing loss.

is the sensation of the room spinning

Explanation

Question 33 of 42

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

nerve damage can lead to ipsilateral diminished taste sensation

Explanation

Question 34 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which supplies muscles of .
It is commonly injured in surgeries, which can lead to a voice

Explanation

Question 35 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Damage to the vagus nerve can manifest as failure to raise soft palate with deviation to the opposite side

Explanation

Question 36 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Damage to the accessory nerve will manifest as weakness in the head to side of lesion and the weakness in shoulders.

Explanation

Question 37 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Hypoglossal nerve:

A unilateral lesion causes:
tongue weakness and
tongue in the of nerve lesion

Explanation

Question 38 of 42

1

What are the bulbar nerves, which all arise in the medulla and as a result, are commonly injured together.

Select one of the following:

  • CN 9-12

  • CN 4-7

  • CN 8 - 11

  • CN 2-6

Explanation

Question 39 of 42

1

Bulbar nerves all have similar pathologie that leads to dysphagia and dysarthria.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

palsy: bilateral UMN lesion:
Spastic tongue (not wasted) no fasciculations
jaw jerk
liability
Traumatic brain injury or

palsy: bilateral LMN lesion:
Wasting of tongue with fasciculations
jaw jerk

Explanation

Question 41 of 42

1

What is not a trigger for trigeminal neuralgia?

Select one of the following:

  • washing

  • shaving

  • wind

  • chewing

  • sunlight

Explanation

Question 42 of 42

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

ften caused by at angle

Trigeminal neuralgia presents as severe (paroxysms of knife-like or electric shock). These pain spasms last for with multiple episodes before a remission for or even years before reoccurrence

Treatment: , surgical , or

Explanation

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