What are DNA and RNA
composed of?

4 nitrogenous bases of DNA

4 nitrogenous bases of RNA

Purines

Pyrimidines

Bond linking nucleotides

Phosphodiester bond

Differences between DNA and RNA

Bonds between G and C

Bonds between A and T

Strand direction

Replication

Semi-conservative

Transcription

Sense strand

Antisense strand

mRNA molecule

Codon

Genetic code is degenerate

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Taq polymerase

Transgenic organism

Meselson and Stahl

Eukaryotic DNA

Histones

Nucleosome

Uses of nucleosomes

Stability of double helix

Initiation of DNA replication
in eukaryotes

Rate of replication

Helicase

Single-stranded binding proteins

DNA Gyrase

Energy for replication

Leading strand

Lagging strand

DNA Primase

DNA polymerase I

DNA ligase

Non-coding DNA

Non-coding DNA regions

Regulators of gene expression

Introns

Telomeres

Tandem repeats

DNA Sequencing

Rosalind Franklin

Hershey and Chase

Transcription

RNA polymerase

Initial part of transcription

RNA nucleoside triphosphate

Post-transcriptional modification of mRNA

Enhancers

S

Acetylation

Methylation

Epigenetics

Translation

S

Initiation

A, P, E binding sites stands for...

A site

P site

E site

S

tRNA structure

Anticodon

Amino acid

Proteins translated by free ribosomes

Proteins translated by bound ribosomes

P

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

Conjugated protein