Pulmonary Pathology :)

Question 1 of 63

1

A woman in her mid-30s all of sudden begins to feel dizzy and is panting. She has angina and a paresthesia in her fingers.These symptoms worsen until she feels like she is going to die. The total episode lasts for about 10 minutes before resolving completely.

Select one of the following:

Acute asthma
Myocardial infarction
Panic attack
Temporal lobe epilepsy
TIA

Explanation

Question 2 of 63

1

A 20-year-old woman overdosed on paracetamol tablets 9 hours ago. Which is the single most appropriate emergency treatment?

Select one of the following:

Activated charcoal
Diazepam
Flumazenil
N-Acetylcysteine
Naloxone

Explanation

Question 3 of 63

1

A young woman has panic attacks when she has to attend formal meetings at work. Even socially, she feels anxious when meeting friends.

Select one of the following:

Adjustment disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Social phobia

Explanation

Question 4 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The aorta the diaphragm at level T.

Explanation

Question 5 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The nerves ( C C and C) supply the diaphragm.

Explanation

Question 6 of 63

1

The sternal angle is at T4/ T5.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 7 of 63

1

The right lung has the oblique and horizontal fissures.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 63

1

The left lung only contains the oblique fissure.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 63

1

Oblique fissure starts posteriorly at T4.
It goes from the 4th intercostal space till the 6th costal cartilage.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 63

1

Horizontal fissure follows along the 6th rib

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 63

1

Three major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall:
Type I pneumocytes (Pc I)
Type II pneumocytes (Pc II)
Dust cells

Which is the correct pairing of functions?

Select one of the following:

Pc I: Surfactant production.
Pc II: Destroys foreign objects
Dust cells: Gas exchange.
Pc I: Gas exchange
Pc II: Surfactant production
Dust cells: Secretes dust–like hormones into the alveoli.
Pc I: Gas exchange
Pc II: Destroys foreign objects
Dust cells: Surfactant production.
Pc I: Surfactant production.
Pc II: GPc I: Gas exchange. Pc II: Surfactant production. Dust cells: Destroys foreign objects.
Pc I: Gas exchange. Pc II: Surfactant production. Dust cells: Destroys foreign objects.
as exchange.
Dust cells: Secretes dust –like hormones into the alveoli.
Pc I: Gas exchange
Pc II: Surfactant production
Dust cells: Destroys foreign objects.

Explanation

Question 12 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The cells found in the alveolar wall are type pneumocytes. AKA alveolar cells.

Type pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing. AKA alveolar cells.

are also called dust cells.

Explanation

Question 13 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label the parts. (no numbers-- spell everything fully out)

Explanation

Question 14 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label parts of the larynx. No numbers/ everything needs to be fully written out.

Explanation

Question 15 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Parts of the Larynx. No numbers.

Explanation

Question 16 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The muscle contracts to rotate the cartilage forward. Doing so increases the on the vocal cords and increases the .

Explanation

Question 17 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

muscle relax and the vocal cords, tension on the vocal cords and the pitch.

Explanation

Question 18 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

muscle the vocal cords and the airway.

Explanation

Question 19 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

muscle the vocal cords and helps movements of inspiration and expiration.

Explanation

Question 20 of 63

1

The cricothyroid muscle increases pitch and is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 21 of 63

1

The thyroarytenoid decreases the pitch and is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 22 of 63

1

The posterior cricoarytenoid adducts the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 23 of 63

1

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 24 of 63

1

Click on the orange point and write the correct answer.

A 65 years old man who was previously diagnosed with lung cancer presents to the ED. He complains that he can’t sweat on the left side of his face. Using his presentation and the image shown below, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Explanation

Question 25 of 63

1

What is true regarding Pancoasts tumors?

Select one or more of the following:

Apical lung cancer
Invades the cervical sympathetic plexus
Invades the brachial plexus to give shoulder and arm pain
Invades the recurrent laryngeal nerve to give a horse voice
small cell lung cancer
Bovine cough from vocal cord paralysis.

Explanation

Question 26 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Labels parts of the spirometry test.

Explanation

Question 27 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Different Lung Function Tests: (Vitalograph has abbreviations)

Explanation

Question 28 of 63

1

What is the max amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled and as quickly as possible after a maximal inhalation?

Select one of the following:

FVC
FEV1
PEV
TV

Explanation

Question 29 of 63

1

This is the volume expired in the first second. It is Affected by how narrowed the airways are.

Select one of the following:

FEV1
FVC
PEF
TLC

Explanation

Question 30 of 63

1

Which of these is true regarding obstructive diseases?

Select one or more of the following:

ex: cystic fibrosis
ex: asthma
ex: COPD
lower FEV1
normal FEV!
lower peak flow rate (PEFR)
lower total lung capacity
increased residual volume
pursued lips
barrel chest

Explanation

Question 31 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

What conditions are these flow charts descriptive of?

Explanation

Question 32 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

What are these vitalographs reflective of?

Explanation

Question 33 of 63

1

A 32-year-old woman comes to the ED with a previous month long history of malaise, mild cough, and subjective fevers.

She is HIV positive and her last CD4 count taken 6 months prior was 220. She's not on antiretroviral therapy or other medications.

Vital signs: HR= 88 beats per minute, BP=130/60 mm Hg, RR = 12 breaths per minute, oxygen sat= 91% on room air.

Her chest radiograph shows diffuse, patchy infiltrates bilaterally. Subsequent labs are unremarkable except for an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level.

What most likely causing her condition?

Select one of the following:

Mycoplasma pneumonie
Staphylococcus aureus
Legionella pneumonie
Hemophilus pneumonie
Pneumocystis jiroveci

Explanation

Question 34 of 63

1

An early middle aged married executive CEO with 2 children complains to her GP complaining of increased tiredness and a lack of interest in her work. She has also been having an upset bowel. Believing she has burnout, what is the best initial management for this patient ?

Select one of the following:

Prescribe a SSRI
Prescribe a SSNI
Referral for CBT
Sign her off of work as sick
Do nothing: will sort itself out

Explanation

Question 35 of 63

1

Which of these is the presentation of an experience of some type of exhaustion due to prolonged and demanding involvement in situations/something?

Select one or more of the following:

Poor concentration
Lack of interest
Fatigue
Depression
Short temper
Disorganization
Anger
Denial
Resting tremors

Explanation

Question 36 of 63

1

In the early phase of allergen exposure, what is released by mast cells?

Select one or more of the following:

histamine
leukotrienes
bradykinin
prostaglandins
platelet activating factor
serotonin

Explanation

Question 37 of 63

1

What is released by eosinophils in late allergy phase?

Select one or more of the following:

eosinophilic cationic protease (ECP)
eosinophilic perioxidase (EPX)
major basic protein (MBP)
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
histamine
bradykinin

Explanation

Question 38 of 63

1

IL-5 is for early phase allergen exposure.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 39 of 63

1

An 18-year-old tall, thin male arrives at ED with acute onset of respiratory distress while sitting at his desk. He had a sharp pain on the right side of his chest that got worse with breathing in. He is otherwise healthy, doesn't do any recreational drugs, and hasn't traveled anywhere recently.

Vital Signs: HR of 100 beats per minute, BP 120/60 mm Hg, a RR of 14 breaths per minute, oxygen sats of 97% on room air.

During auscultations, you note decreased breath sounds on the right side.
Which of the following tests is to be performed next?

Select one of the following:

ECG
Echo
Chest X-ray
Complete Blood Works
CT Scan
Anterior abdominal x-ray
Toxicological drug screen

Explanation

Question 40 of 63

1

A 20 year old man complains to the GP of a runny congested nose for the past 3 months with frequent sneezing. Hiis symptoms are worse in the morning and he has no pets. He also has from asthma and eczema. The diagnosis is Perennial rhinitis and you prescribe cetirizine. What is the most likely cause of his condition?

Select one of the following:

Hay Fever
Cats
Dust mites
Pollen
Dogs

Explanation

Question 41 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

How to Manage Asthma:

1. acting bronchodilator

2. Add cortico

3. Replace acting for acting bronchodilator

4. inhaled steroids dose

5. steroids

Explanation

Question 42 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is the most common cause of allergic rhinitis.

Explanation

Question 43 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

are the most common cause of allergic rhinitis

Explanation

Question 44 of 63

1

Nick is a 46-year-old builder who has noticed breathlessness which is worse on exertion for roughly the past year. No inhaler seems to be helping.

TLC Raised
RV Raised
PaO2 Reduced
PaCO2 Raised (serious)
Transfer factor (TLCO/ DLCO): Reduced

Based on his lung function tests shown below, what is the underlying condition?

Select one of the following:

Asthma
COPD
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pneumothorax

Explanation

Question 45 of 63

1

Alan is a 50-year-old farmer who has been getting breathless over the last 3 years. At first, the shortness of breath came in episodes lasting a few hours but over the last two years, the problems have been continuous.
Reduced FEV1
Reduced FVC
Increased forced expiratory ratio
Reduced total lung capacity

Based on his lung function tests shown below, what is the underlying condition?

Select one of the following:

Asthma
Pulmonary Fibrosis
COPD
Cystic Fibrosis

Explanation

Question 46 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The branch of the nerve supplies sensation to the larynx and responsible for cough reflex.

Explanation

Question 47 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The branch of the nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle which controls the of speech.

Explanation

Question 48 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the .

The recurrent laryngeal loops under the before traveling upwards

Explanation

Question 49 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The nerve supplies these laryngeal muscles:

and cricoarytenoid muscles

Explanation

Question 50 of 63

1

What is true regarding of restrictive respiratory diseases?

Select one or more of the following:

Due to disease in the interstitium of the lungs
The lung x-ray will show increased density of the lung tissue.
Stiff lungs
ex: asthma
Reduced FVC
Reduced RV
Reduced FEV1
PEFR slightly decreased
Normal FEV1: FVC ratio
exs: Pulmonary Fibrosis and Congenital defect

Explanation

Question 51 of 63

1

Stridor and wheeze are both characteristic of obstructive diseases.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 52 of 63

1

What is true regarding pneumonia?

Select one or more of the following:

pleuritic chest pain
cough
sputum
fever
malasie
tachypnea
dull percussion
crackles during auscultation
chest xray
blood and sputum investigation

Explanation

Question 53 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

How to manage pneumonia?

started immediately ex: or tetracycline

Explanation

Question 54 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

What types of pneumonic x rays are these

Explanation

Question 55 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Fill in the parts.

Explanation

Question 56 of 63

1

The spirometry test history must include post bronchodilator measurements and the degree of reversibility.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 57 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

( Streptococcus Pneumonia, Haemophilus Influenza ) and Haemophilus Influenza are th most common causes of community-acquired Pneumonia.

Staph. Aureus is the most common cause of hospital-acquired Pneumonia.

Chlamydophila psittaei is the most common cause of pneumonia in bird owners.

Klebisella Pneumonia is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics

Legionella Pneumonia is the most common cause of pneumonia in those who use air-conditioning.

Pneumocystis jiroveci is the most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.

Explanation

Question 58 of 63

1

❌ and ❌ are th most common causes of community-acquired Pneumonia.

❌ is the most common cause of hospital-acquired Pneumonia.

❌ is the most common cause of pneumonia in bird owners.

❌a is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics

❌ is the most common cause of pneumonia in those who use air-conditioning.

❌ is the most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Streptococcus Pneumonia

staphylococcus pneumonia

Hemophilus Influenza

Hemophilus Pyrethica

Staph. Aureus

Verfitule Aureleus

Chlamydophila psittaei

Chlamydia pneumonia

Klebisella Pneumoni

Clostridium Difficile

Legionella Pneumonia

Pneumonia artificialis

Pneumocystis jiroveci

HPV

HIV

Hep C

Explanation

Question 59 of 63

1

TLCO can be reduced by:

Select one or more of the following:

reduction in alveolar - capillary membrane area
reduced lung volumes
thicker alveoli
Anemia due to less hemoglobin
increased blood volume (pulmonary)
polycythaemia

Explanation

Question 60 of 63

1

TLCO can be increased by:

Select one or more of the following:

polycythemia
increased pulmonary blood volume
decreased lung volumes
thicker alveoli
anemia
certain drugs

Explanation

Question 61 of 63

1

How might pneumothorax present?

Select one or more of the following:

sudden angina
dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia
low oxygen sats
trachea deviation
Affected side moves less
No breath sounds in affected area
Hyper resonance on percussion
sweaty pallor

Explanation

Question 62 of 63

1

Inserting a needle into the 3rd-5th intercostal space is within the safe triangle

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 63 of 63

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

spontaneous pneumothorax occurs randomly in healthy individuals, especially and skinny guys.

spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in individuals with an underlying problem, usually it's .

Pneumothorax is caused by and is a medical emergency. It's the worst one with most obvious tracheal deviation.

	Created by Plymouth Med over 6 years ago

Young Adult teach courtesy of Dayo. Credits entitled to him.

Pulmonary Pathology :)

Question 1 of 63

A woman in her mid-30s all of sudden begins to feel dizzy and is panting. She has angina and a paresthesia in her fingers.These symptoms worsen until she feels like she is going to die. The total episode lasts for about 10 minutes before resolving completely.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 63

A 20-year-old woman overdosed on paracetamol tablets 9 hours ago. Which is the single most appropriate emergency treatment?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 63

A young woman has panic attacks when she has to attend formal meetings at work. Even socially, she feels anxious when meeting friends.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The aorta the diaphragm at level T.

Explanation

Question 5 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The nerves ( C C and C) supply the diaphragm.

Explanation

Question 6 of 63

The sternal angle is at T4/ T5.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 63

The right lung has the oblique and horizontal fissures.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 63

The left lung only contains the oblique fissure.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 63

Oblique fissure starts posteriorly at T4. It goes from the 4th intercostal space till the 6th costal cartilage.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 63

Horizontal fissure follows along the 6th rib

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 63

Three major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall: Type I pneumocytes (Pc I) Type II pneumocytes (Pc II) Dust cells Which is the correct pairing of functions?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The cells found in the alveolar wall are type pneumocytes. AKA alveolar cells. Type pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing. AKA alveolar cells. are also called dust cells.

Explanation

Question 13 of 63

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label the parts. (no numbers-- spell everything fully out)

Explanation

Question 14 of 63

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label parts of the larynx. No numbers/ everything needs to be fully written out.

Explanation

Question 15 of 63

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Parts of the Larynx. No numbers.

Explanation

Question 16 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The muscle contracts to rotate the cartilage forward. Doing so increases the on the vocal cords and increases the .

Explanation

Question 17 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

muscle relax and the vocal cords, tension on the vocal cords and the pitch.

Explanation

Question 18 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

muscle the vocal cords and the airway.

Explanation

Question 19 of 63

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

muscle the vocal cords and helps movements of inspiration and expiration.

Explanation

Question 20 of 63

The cricothyroid muscle increases pitch and is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.

Oblique fissure starts posteriorly at T4.
It goes from the 4th intercostal space till the 6th costal cartilage.

Three major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall:
Type I pneumocytes (Pc I)
Type II pneumocytes (Pc II)
Dust cells

Which is the correct pairing of functions?

The cells found in the alveolar wall are type pneumocytes. AKA alveolar cells.

Type pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing. AKA alveolar cells.

are also called dust cells.