What are the properties of a dynamic equilibrium?

How is a dynamic equilibrium set up?

What does Le Chatelier's principle state?

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you increase the concentration of a reactant?

conc. of reactant > conc. of product

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you increase the concentration of a product?

conc. of product > conc. of reactant

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you increase the pressure?

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you decrease the pressure?

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you increase the temperature?

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you decrease the temperature?

In the following reaction, is the forward or reverse reaction exothermic?

C₂H₄ + H₂O --> C₂H₅OH (ΔH = -46kJmol⁻¹)

What happens to the position of equilibrium when you add a catalyst?

TRUE OR FALSE:
Catalysts increase the yield of the product formed by a reaction in equilibrium

What are the conditions for the production of ethanol?

When producing ethanol, a low temperature should be used for a better yield. Explain why a lower temperature would increase the yield.

C₂H₄ + H₂O --> C₂H₅OH (ΔH = -46kJmol⁻¹)

In the production of ethanol, a low temperature should be used for a better yield. However, in industry the temperature is much higher (300°C). Why?

When producing ethanol, a high pressure should be used for a better yield. Explain why a high pressure would increase the yield.

C₂H₄ (g) + H₂O (g) --> C₂H₅OH (g)

In the production of ethanol, a high pressure should be used for a better yield. However, in industry the pressure is lower (60-70 atm). Why?

Only a small proportion of ethene reacts each time the gases pass through the catalyst. What do industries do to save money and raw materials?

The brown gas NO₂ exists in equilibrium with the colourless gas N₂O₄.
2NO₂ ⇌ N₂O₄ (ΔH = -57.2 kJmol⁻¹)
Outline an experiment investigating the effect of changing temperature on the position of equilibrium. Describe the expected results.

Iron (III) nitrate (yellow) and potassium thiocyanate (colourless) react together to form Fe(SCN)²⁺. Outline an experiment investigating the effect of changing concentration on the position of equilibrium. Describe the expected results.