What increases the transcription of Glucokinase
Glucose
Iron
Glycogen
Cellulose
Iron increases transcription for the synthesis of ferritin
Vitamin K Iron Glucokinase Glucose( Vitamin K, Iron, Glucokinase, Glucose ) increases the post translational transcriptional( translational, transcriptional ) carboxylation of glutamine gluthamic acid residues( glutamine, gluthamic acid residues ) for synthesis of thrombin prothrombin( thrombin, prothrombin )
Phenotypic variability is based on interindividual genetic variation
What can nutrients influence
gene expression
protein expression
metabolite production
What are the genomic tools
transcriptomics
proteomics
metabolomics
nutriomics
panomics
what is the precursor of creatine
aspartame
histidine
tryptophan
arginine
what is dangerous for PKU sufferers
Histidine
neotame
glucose
Carrots have a higher glycemic index than ice cream
Carrots have a higher glycemic load than icecream
what is the precursor for nitric oxide
nitrogen
oxygen
what amino acid is decarboxylated to histamine
histamine
glycine
precursor of serotonin?
Tryptophan
Glycine
what is δ-aminolaevulinic acid made from?
which of these are functions of glycine
it is required for detox reactions in the liver
it occurs in every 2nd AA in collagen
it is a principle inhibitory transmitter in the brain stem
it is a principle inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord
it is a principle inhibitory transmitter in the nerve endings
it occurs in every 3rd AA in collagen
what PDCAAs are >1.00
Egg
Gelatin
whole wheat bread
milk protein
soybean proteins
kidney beans
what PDCAAs are <1
egg
gelatin
PDCAA of beef/poultry/fish
0.85
3
1.2
0.55
what do polymorphisms of IRS explain?
much of the inherited susceptibility of osteoporosis
much of the inherited susceptibility of T2D
elevated blood homocysteine
high need for folic acid
what do polymorphisms of Vit D explain?
elevated blood homocysteine, high need for folic acid
what do polymorphisms of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase explain?
much of the inherited susceptibility to osteoporosis
much of the inherited susceptibility to T2D
RDA =
EAR =
AI =
UL =
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Oxygen?
61%
23%
10%
5%
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Carbon?
61
23
10
2.6
1.4
0.8
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Hydrogen?
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Nitrogen?
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Calcium?
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Phosphorus?
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is total water?
60
20
14.4
40
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is total lipid?
2.1
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is protein?
60.7
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is muscle?
21
In an average 70kg man what % of body weight is Adipose Tissue?
which of these are indirect methods of determining body compositions
densitometry
weight/height indices
40K Counting
CT / MRI
lean mass and fat mass
which are doubly indirect methods of determining body composition?
bone mineral content and density
skinfolds/ ultasounds
creatinine excretion
what is DXA for?
Densitometry
weight / height indices
fat mass and lean mass
which is the most important sugar alcohol
xylitol
sorbitol
erythritol
what is xylitol derived from
xylose
fructose
amalose
which takes into account the serving size
glycemic index
glycemic load
Examples of soluble fibres
pectin
cellulose
hemi cellulose
gums
semi celluloses
Examples of insoluble fibres
lingin
what small chain fatty acids are produced in the large intestine?
acetate
propinate
butyrate
what is the major energy source for colonocytes
which of the small chain fatty acids is metabolized by peripheral tissues
propionate
which of these is 200 - 700 times sweeter than sugar?
aspartic acid
saccharin
sucralose
acesulfame K
which is 7000 - 13000 times sweeter than sugar?
what is a safer alternative to Aspartame?
Neotame
saccharine
what is an identifier of Acesulfame K
pH stable
heat stable
700 times sweeter than sugar
identical sweetness to sugar
what is omega 3 a precursor for?
EPA
DHA
Arachidonic acid
what is omega 6 a precursor for?
arachidonic acid
what is aspartame derived from
phenylalanine
sucrose
ferric acid
which is an importance of omega 3
structure and function of cell membranes
skin integrity
fertility
eye & CNS
RBC structure
which is an importance of omega 6
growth integrity
RBC Structure
what is the other name for omega 3
alpha-linolenic acid
linoleic acid
what is the other name for omega 6?
Biological effects of omega 3
reduce risk of fatal heart attack
thin blood
decrease inflammation
break down fat
lower blood cholesterol