Year 1 Childhood: Bones :)

There are different types of bone shape. Bone shape is primarily dependent upon bone . There are 5 main types.
1. The patella is an example of a bone (as are most of the knobbly bits in the body.)
2. The pelvic bones are examples of bones.
3. The femur and humerus are both bones.
4. Bones in the skull are bones.
5. The carpals are examples of bones.

Differentiation of the sclerotome begins with the activation of . These genes also played a role, of course, in fetal development.

The embryological origin of the skeleton (for example, the bones of the arms and legs) is the of the .

In embryological development, the has three layers: ectoderm (outer), endoderm (inner), and mesoderm (middle).

The ectoderm gives rise to the forces interacting with the exterior, such as the skin, nail, hair and system.

The endoderm gives rise to the GI tract, , liver, and pancreas.

The mesoderm gets more special. There are 4 main types:
- (which leads to the formation of the notochord)
-the mesoderm (AKA the somite.)
- mesoderm (most posterior part--> appendicular skeleton)
-the mesoderm (urogenital system)

Somite's 3 parts: (alphabetical order)

1.
2.
3.

Embryologically speaking, cells become cells, which produce myelin sheath and are the surrounding coat on nerves.

There are two primary components of the periosteal bud: the (which are important for nutrients/waste exchange) and .

Noncalcified bone matrix is referred to as the .

Osteocytes specifically can be found in the bone .

The most functional unit of bone is called a(n) .

Compact bone borderlines the rim of bone. It is created through bone .

Yellow Marrow is within bones and is rich of .

The defining characteristic of flat bones is their appearance:

bone-- bone-- bone

The artery, artery, and vein all go through the nutrient foramina of bones.

The nerve is the general nerve supply of bones. It contains sensory nerve fibers, and is especially useful to carry messages up to the brain.

A fracture is when the bone shatters into more than 2 pieces.

An open fracture (also called a fracture) is when bone is poking out of skin or soft tissue. It is very common in injuries, such as falling on an outstretched hand.

An fracture is when the bone kind of bends inwards, bucking and snapping upon itself.

Standard for treating open fractures:
1. (pain relief)
2.
3. (usually Flucloxacillin because mainly gram bacteria reside on skin)
4. (vaccination)
5. Clean wound (with sterile solution at low )

We give the tetanus prophalaxis vaccination as a precaution aginst because tetanus is a infection and can happen if the open fracture comes in contact with , dirt, saliva, or .

One potential complication of a cast is . This is when fluid accumulates in the compartments, causing increased pressure. This may lead to the tissue to starve for and .

Presentation:
Due to the change in pressure, it is very . The compartment is also very at touch. It will seem to have color than usual, be , and have a tingly feeling (.)