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Mind Map
by
Grace Fawcitt
, created
more than 1 year ago
AS level Psychology (Memory) Mind Map on Memory- retrieval failure, created by Grace Fawcitt on 03/01/2018.
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retrieval failure
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Grace Fawcitt
almost 7 years ago
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11832449
mind_map
2018-03-21T12:34:23Z
Memory- retrieval failure
Encoding Specificity Principle (ESP)
Tulving,
1983
A cue must be present at both encoding and recall
Context-dependent forgetting
External cues
Godden and Baddeley, 1975
Studied deep sea divers recall of a word list
Learning: on land
Recall: on land
Learning: on land
Recall: in sea
Learning: in sea
Recall: in sea
Learning: in sea
Recall: on land
In the two conditions in which
context of learning and recall
was the same, recall was better
Accuracy was 40% worse in non-matching conditions
Best
Best
Lead to retrieval failure
State-dependent forgetting
Carter and Cassaday, 1998
Internal cues
Studied effects of anti-histamines
on recall of a word list
Recall: on drug
Learning: on drug
Recall: not on drug
Learning: on drug
Recall: not on drug
Learning: not on drug
Recall: on drug
Learning: not on drug
Anti-histamines cause drowsiness
Matching internal states caused better recall
Evaluation
Supporting evidence
Godden+ Baddeley
Carter+ Cassaday
Increased validity
Especially because retrieval failure is
shown to occur in real life situations
Context effects not very strong
Contexts have to be very
different for any effect to be seen
Not a full explanation
May only affect recall, not recognition
Baddeley and Godden replicated
their study, but the divers had to
say if they recognised the word
read to them
Performance was the same in all 4 condition
ESP can't be tested
Circular arguments aren't scientific
Based on assumptions
Real life application
Going upstairs,
forgetting reason,
going downstairs
and remembering
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11832449
mind_map
2018-03-21T12:34:23Z
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