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killthemoment
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GCSE Physics (P2) Mind Map on P2.1 Forces And Their Effects, created by killthemoment on 10/08/2014.

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killthemoment
Created by killthemoment over 10 years ago
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P2.1 Forces And Their EffectsP2.1.1 ResultantForcesP2.1.2 Forces AndMotionP2.1.3 Forces AndBrakingP2.1.4 Forces And TerminalVelocityP2.1.5 Forces AndElasticityWhenever two objects interact, the forcesthey exert on each other are equal andopposite.A number of forces acting at a pointmay be replaced by a single force thathas the same effect on the motion asthe original forces all acting together.This single force is called the resultantforce.A resultant forceacting on an objectmay cause achange in its stateof rest or motion.If the resultant forceacting on a stationaryobject is zero, the objectwill remain stationary andif it is not not zero, theobject will accelerate inthe direction of theresultant force.If the resultant force acting on a moving object is zero, the object will continue to move at the samespeed and in the same direction and if it is not zero, the object will accelerate in the direction of theresultant force.The acceleration of an object is determinedby the resultant force acting on the objectand the mass of the object. a=F/m orF=m×a where F is the resultant force innewtons, N, m is the mass in kilograms, kgand a is the acceleration in metres persecond squared, m/s2.The gradient of adistance–time graphrepresents speed.To calculate the gradient of the line on a graph,divide the change in the y axis by the change inthe x axis.The velocityof an object isits speed in agivendirection.The gradient of a velocity–time graph representsacceleration. a=v−ut where a is the acceleration inmetres per second squared, m/s2, v is the finalvelocity in metres per second, m/s, u is the initialvelocity in metres per second, m/s and t is the timetaken in seconds, s.The distance travelled is represented by thearea under the line on the velocity-timegraph.When a vehicle travels at a steady speed the resistiveforces balance the driving force. Most of the resistive forcesare caused by air resistance. The greater the speed of avehicle the greater the braking force needed to stop it in acertain distance.The stopping distance ofa vehicle is the sum ofthe distance the vehicletravels during the driver'sreaction time (thinkingdistance) and thedistance it travels underthe braking force(braking distance).A driver's reaction time can be affectedby tiredness, drugs and alcohol.When the brakes of a vehicle areapplied, work done by the frictionforce between the brakes and thewheel reduces the kinetic energyof the vehicle and the temperatureof the brakes increase. A vehicle'sbraking distance can be affectedby adverse road and weatherconditions and poor condition ofthe vehicle.The faster an object moves through afluid the greater the frictional force thatacts on it.An object falling through a fluid willinitially accelerate due to the force ofgravity. Eventually the resultantforce will be zero and the object willmove at its terminal velocity (steadyspeed).W=m×g where W is the weight in newtons, N, m isthe mass in kilograms, kg and g is the gravitationalfield strength in newtons per kilogram, N/kg.A force acting on an object maycause a change in shape of theobject. A force applied to an elasticobject such as a spring will result inthe object stretching and storingelastic potential energy.For an object that is able to recover its originalshape, elastic potential energy is stored in theobject when work is done on the object to changeits shape.The extension of an elastic object isdirectly proportional to the force applied,provided that the limit of proportionalityis not exceeded: F=k×e where F is theforce in newtons, N, k is the springconstant in newtons per metre, N/m ande is the extension in metres, m.Double click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node