Michael Jardine
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PHSI3011 05-2 Maintenance of Bone Health

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Michael Jardine
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PHSI3011 05-2 Maintenance of Bone Health

PHSI3011 05-2 Maintenance of Bone Health

Question 1 of 29

1

If Resorption < Formation:

Select one of the following:

  • ↑ Bone Mass

  • ↓ Bone Mass

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

Which of the following are bone mass determinants:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Genetics

  • Age

  • Mechanical loading

  • Protein intake

  • Calcium intake

  • Vitamin D

  • Sex steroids

  • Vitamin C

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

1

Sclerostin is released by which of the following?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Osteocytes

  • Osteoblasts

  • Osteoclasts

  • Lining Cells

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

Sclerostin __________ Wnt signalling in Osteoblasts/Osteocytes

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits

  • Stimulates

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

1

With deformity of bone (on loading), sclerostin secretion:

Select one of the following:

  • Increases

  • Decreases

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

SOST = ??

Select one of the following:

  • SclerOSTin

  • Stimulated by OSTeocyte

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Obligatory urine Calcium loss is ( 150-200, 1000, 25, 300 ) mg/d (although ( More, Less ) after menopause).

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

Recommended daily allowance for calcium changes according to age, but broadly mostly around:

Select one of the following:

  • 1000

  • 70

  • 150-200

  • 700

  • 2000

  • 1500-2000

  • 25

  • 300

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Vitamin D ( Decreases, Increases ) gut Calcium absorption:

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

1

A non-Calcium-rich diet will usually have approximately mg/d Calcium. This is % of recommended intake.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    300
    1000
    150-200
    30
    15-20
    25
    100
    70

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

True or false: Exposure to the sun is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

True or false: Diet is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

What’s the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?

Select one of the following:

  • 1000IU (25μg)

  • 25IU (1000μg)

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

Which of the following accelerates Vitamin D degradation?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Some medications

  • LOW Calcium intake

  • HIGH Calcium intake

  • HIGH PTH

  • LOW PTH

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

2

Which of the following groups are commonly associated with increased risk of Vitamin D deficiency?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Geriatric admissions to hospital

  • Dark-skinned people, especially with modest dress

  • Obese people

  • Fair skinned people with severe tan

  • Fair skinned people who avoid sun because of skin cancer risk

  • Office workers

  • Night shift workers

  • Farmers

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

In a study of 100 office workers in Sydney, sunscreen users had ( Higher, Lower ) Vitamin D levels compared to non-users.

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1

How does Vitamin D help bone health?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increases gut Calcium absorption

  • Facilitates bone mineralisation

  • Important for muscle function

  • Permits release of bone stores of Calcium

  • It doesn’t

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1

Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased bone turnover. Severe Vitamin D deficiency leads [primarily] to?

Select one of the following:

  • Osteomalacia

  • Osteoporosis

  • Both of the above

  • Neither of the above

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Adequate levels of ( 25OHD, 25HD, 25OD, 2OH5D, 20O5HD ) are needed to maximise Calcium absorption and ( Suppress, Increase ) ParaThyroid Hormone (PTH).

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

25OHD = ??

Select one of the following:

  • 25(OH) vitamin D

  • 1,25(OH) vitamin D

  • 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D

  • 25(OH)2 vitamin D

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1

Severe CALCIUM deficiency can lead to:

Select one of the following:

  • Osteoporosis

  • Osteomalacia

  • Rickets

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

1

Severe VITAMIN D deficiency can lead to Osteomalacia/Rickets. Are they the same thing?

Select one of the following:

  • Yeah

  • Nah

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

1

Which of the following helps to maintain normal balance between bone formation and resorption:

Select one of the following:

  • Androgens

  • Oestrogens

  • Both of the above

  • Neither of the above

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

1

True or False: Oestrogens help to keep bone cells alive.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

True or False: Androgens help to keep bone cells alive.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

True or false: Anorexia leads to weak bones solely through nutrient deficiency.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

Glucocorticoids (Cortisone etc) are catabolic at pharmacologic doses. Where does each manifestation occur?
↓ Calcium absorption in the ;
↑ Calcium losses in the ;
↓ IGF-1 in the ;

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    Gut
    Kidney
    Bone

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

Protein intake helps:

Select one of the following:

  • Bone function

  • Muscle function

  • Both of the above

  • Neither of the above

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

1

If a diet contains inadequate Calcium to replace urinary losses, what happens?

Select one of the following:

  • Raid bones for Calcium

  • Nothing

Explanation

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