Emily Fox
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PSY101

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Emily Fox
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PSY 101-Chapter 8

Question 1 of 27

1

The three steps in memory information processing are...

Select one of the following:

  • sensing, transducing, perceiving

  • seeing, hearing, storage

  • acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery

  • encoding, storage, retrieval

Explanation

Question 2 of 27

1

Visual sensory memory is referred to as...

Select one of the following:

  • iconic memory

  • echoic memory

  • mnemonic memory

  • semantic memory

Explanation

Question 3 of 27

1

Lewis cannot remember the details of the torture he experienced as a prisoner of war. According to Freud, Lewis’ failure to remember these painful memories is an example of...

Select one of the following:

  • repression

  • long-term potentiation

  • negative reinforcement

  • flashbulb memory

Explanation

Question 4 of 27

1

Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that...

Select one of the following:

  • when quizzed immediately, people can recall very little, due to the stress of witnessing an accident

  • when questioned as little as one day later, their memory was very inaccurate

  • most people had very accurate memories as much as 6 months later

  • people’s recall may easily be affected by misleading information

Explanation

Question 5 of 27

1

One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as...

Select one of the following:

  • the principle of conservation

  • proactive organization

  • chunking

  • encoding

Explanation

Question 6 of 27

1

Kandel and Schwartz have found that when learning occurs, more of the neurotransmitter is released into synapses.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    serotonin
    cortisol
    dopamine
    glucose

Explanation

Question 7 of 27

1

Research on memory construction reveals that memories...

Select one of the following:

  • are stored as exact copies of experience

  • reflect a person’s biases and assumptions

  • may be chemically transferred from one organism to another

  • even if long term, usually decay within about five years

Explanation

Question 8 of 27

1

In a study on context cues, people learned words while on land or when they were underwater. In a later test of recall, those with the best retention had...

Select one of the following:

  • learned the words on land, that is, in the more familiar context

  • learned the words underwater, that is, in the more exotic context

  • learned the words and been tested on them in different contexts

  • learned the words and been tested on them in the same context

Explanation

Question 9 of 27

1

The spacing effect means that...

Select one of the following:

  • distributed study yields better retention than cramming

  • retention is improved when encoding and retrieval are separated by no more than 1 hour

  • learning causes a reduction in the size of the synaptic gap between certain neurons

  • delaying retrieval until memory has consolidated improves recall

Explanation

Question 10 of 27

1

Studies demonstrate that learning causes permanent neural changes in the of animals’ neurons.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    synapses
    myelin
    cell bodies
    all of these

Explanation

Question 11 of 27

1

The basal ganglia of the brain plays a critical role in the formation of...

Select one of the following:

  • iconic memory

  • echoic memory

  • implicit memory

  • explicit memory

Explanation

Question 12 of 27

1

Memory for skills (e.g., skills learned during infancy) is called...

Select one of the following:

  • explicit memory

  • declarative memory

  • prime memory

  • implicit memory

Explanation

Question 13 of 27

1

Which of the following describes the typical forgetting curve?

Select one of the following:

  • a steady, slow decline in retention over time

  • a steady, rapid decline in retention over time

  • a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter

  • a slow initial decline in retention becoming rapid thereafter

Explanation

Question 14 of 27

1

Which of the following measures of retention is the least sensitive in triggering retrieval?

Select one of the following:

  • recall

  • recognition

  • relearning

  • they are equally sensitive

Explanation

Question 15 of 27

1

At your high school reunion you cannot remember the last name of your homeroom teacher. Your failure to remember is most likely the result of...

Select one of the following:

  • encoding failure

  • storage failure

  • retrieval failure

  • state-dependent memory

Explanation

Question 16 of 27

1

According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those...

Select one of the following:

  • at the beginning of the list

  • at the end of the list

  • at the end and in the middle of the list

  • in the middle of the list

Explanation

Question 17 of 27

1

Experimenters gave people a list of words to be recalled. When the participants were tested after a delay, the items that were best recalled were those...

Select one of the following:

  • at the beginning of the list

  • in the middle of the list

  • at the end of the list

  • at the beginning and end of the list

Explanation

Question 18 of 27

1

Which type of word/verbal processing results in the greatest retention?

Select one of the following:

  • shallow

  • deep

  • visual

  • auditory

Explanation

Question 19 of 27

1

From the list below, which area of the brain is most relevant in the processing of implicit memories?

Select one of the following:

  • hippocampus

  • cerebellum

  • hypothalamus

  • amygdala

Explanation

Question 20 of 27

1

Repression is theorized to be an example of...

Select one of the following:

  • encoding failure

  • memory decay

  • motivated forgetting

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 21 of 27

1

Long-term potentiation (LTP) refers to...

Select one of the following:

  • the disruptive influence of old memories on the formations of new memories

  • the disruptive influence of recent memories on the retrieval of old memories

  • our tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood

  • the increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning

Explanation

Question 22 of 27

1

Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?

Select one of the following:

  • suddenly remembering to buy bread while standing in the checkout line at the grocery store

  • recalling the name of someone from high school while looking at his or her yearbook snapshot

  • remembering where you were and what you were doing on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center towers.

  • remembering to make an important phone call

Explanation

Question 23 of 27

1

Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom’s experience showed the role of...

Select one of the following:

  • iconic memory

  • context effects

  • retroactive interference

  • echoic memory

Explanation

Question 24 of 27

1

Amnesia patients typically experience disruption of...

Select one of the following:

  • implicit memories

  • explicit memories

  • iconic memories

  • echoic memories

Explanation

Question 25 of 27

1

Brad, who suffered damage to the left side of his hippocampus, has trouble remembering...

Select one of the following:

  • visual designs

  • locations

  • all nonverbal information

  • verbal information

Explanation

Question 26 of 27

1

After finding her old combination lock, Janice can’t remember its combination because she keeps confusing it with the combination of her new lock. She is experiencing...

Select one of the following:

  • proactive interference

  • retroactive interference

  • encoding failure

  • storage failure

Explanation

Question 27 of 27

1

Being in a bad mood after a hard day of work, Susan could think of nothing positive in her life. This is best explained as an example of...

Select one of the following:

  • repression

  • the spacing effect

  • mood-congruent memory

  • shallow processing

Explanation

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