Module 5: 20th Century Urban Design

THE NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
Clarence Stein, Clarence Perry
5 minute walks, easy to reach

GOETHEANUM
Rudolf Steiner, anthrosophist
plasticity of concrete
scientific + spiritual
metropolitan farming village

UNITE D'HABITATION
Le Corbusier
Marsailles, France
Functionalism: over-crowding, no useless thing, high density
Reception: "tragic loneliness"

The Suburban Dream
from need of housing after wars
sprawl
Levittown
people of the same age, race and stage in life

BRASILIA
Lucio Costa (Planning)
Oscar Niemeyer (Buildings)
airport plan not city
socialist not capitalist
puritan functionalism
not for pedestrians

ARCHIGRAM
Instant City in a Field
Peter Cook
like a circus

ARCHIGRAM
Kunsthaus Graz
mystery capsule

GEODESIC DOME
Buckminster Fuller
American Pavillion
Hippie Generation
"spaceship earth"

HABITAT 67
Mosh Safdie
World Fair 1967

Maison Gaudet
Antti Lovag
vanity

SUPERSURFACE
alternate life on earth

EARTH HOUSES
Peter Vetsch
avoid adding or removing earth

ARCOSANTI, ARIZONA
Paolo Soleri
Arcology
maximize human interaction
minimize travel time

THE VENUS PROJECT
Jaque Fresco
material sufficiency ends struggle

BROADACRES
Frank Lloyd Wright
every American family lives on an acre of land

MILE HIGH TOWER
FLW's repsonse to criticisms of Broad acres: place all of Manhattan' rich into one hyper-dense tower

CHANDIGARH, PUNJAB, INDIA
Le Corbusier's onlyplan developed
orignally Albert Meyer's
applied Radburn principle: Superblock

CANBERRA AUSTRALIA
Response to City Beautiful Movement
Triangular Plan: Court of Justice, Parliament House, Capitol Building

NEW DELHI, INDIA
Sir Edward Lutyens
did not take into account rapid population growth of India
Kingsway East-West axis

CIUDAD LINEAL/ LINEAR CITY
Arch. Arturio Soria y Mata

LINEAR CITY, STALINGARD
Russia
Socialist
N.A. Milyutin

ARCOLOGY
Polo Soleri
Dome House, Santa Fe, Ceramica Artistica

MOTOPIA
Edgar Chambles
Vehicular traffic on roof tops

BARBICAN
dense housing development in London

FLOATING CITIES
Kiyonori Kikutake

MEGALOPOLIS
coined by American Jean Gottman
"Great City"
strong physical linkage between 3 + cities