inferential statistics

sample
vs.
population

randomly selected subjects

parameters

common sample statistics

problem with sampling

how do we know there is sample error?

standard error of the mean

calculation of standard error of the mean

Full Example/Explanation
of Standard Error of the Mean

central limit theorem

research utlity of central limit theorem

to decrease stand. error of the mean,
what happens to standard deviation of the population and sample size?

hypothesis testing

types of hypotheses

null hypothesis

alternative hypothesis

regions in bell shape curve

region of unlikely values

region of likely values

4 possible outcomes from hypothesis testing

what causes our conclusions (from hypothesis testing) to be wrong?

Type I error

Type II error

Rule of the "C's"

Power

what factors affect power?

relationship between alpha and beta

relationship between power and Beta

3 broad categories of statistical tests

tests of differences

Tests of relationship and prediction

tests related to structure or fit

determining which
*test of difference*
to use

assumptions that must be met to use PARAMETRIC tests

homoscedasticity

study of depression and medication treatment with 3 ethnic groups
-how many variables?
-how many levels?

DETERMINE WHICH TEST OF DIFFERENCE TO USE FOR:
two programs designed to improve academic achievement
--programs are compared by measuring students at 1) beginning, 2) middle and 3) end of school year

Independent Variables (IVs) and
tests of difference

Type of Data and
Tests of Difference

Independent vs Correlated IVs and Tests of Difference

tests for nominal data

Chi-Square Assumptions

tests for interval data

tests for ordinal data

Tests for ratio data

what's the *only* test we could use for more than one DV in testing group differences?

what test can you conduct when only examining ONE group?

what test(s) do you use for:
interval data,
1 IV, 2 levels?

what group of tests must you use when IVs have 3+ levels?

what test to run for 1 IV with 3 or more levels?

what test to run for 2 IV with 3 or more levels?

what test to run for 3 IV with 3 or more levels?

differences among
*t-test
*one-way ANOVA
*two-way ANOVA
*split plot

covariate

what ANOVA do you use when you have a covariate?

degrees of freedom --

single-sample Chi Square

degrees of freedom --

multiple-sample Chi Squarea

degrees of freedom --

single-sample T-Test

degrees of freedom --

matched-samples T-Test

degrees of freedom --

independent samples T-Test

degrees of freedom --

One-Way ANOVA

expected frequencies in a Chi-Square

disadvantage of running multiple tests as opposed to one test

F-ratio

output from two-way ANOVA

trend analysis

test of relationship or predictions

predictor variable

outcome variable

correlation

coefficient of determination

regression equation

least squares criterion

assumptions of bivariate correlations

determining which
*test of relationship*
to use

types of correlations

moderator variable

mediator variable

multivariate tests

multiple R correlation

multiple regression equation

stepwise regression

hierarchical regression

canonical R (correlation)

discriminant function analysis

log linear (or logit) analysis

structural equation modelling

test of structure

factor analysis

eigenvalue

correlation matrix

factor loadings

two different types of rotations in factor analysis

factor analysis

vs.

principle components analysis

cluster analysis