Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3

1. Literature: Unreliable Narrators 2. Business: Entrepreneurs 3. Biology: Carl Linnaeus 4: Psychology: Fuzzy Trace Theory     Yazmin Cerón Valdez English - EA 

UNRELIABLE NARRATORS

      What is an unreliable narrator? Is any narrator that cannot be trusted to convey a story accurately.  

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The cask of Amontillado

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    This is a story written by Edgar Allan Poe, that is going to be very useful to explain how an unreliable narrator works.

Used for:

  Force readers to question the narrator's truthfulness.   Montresor tells the story of how he was wronged, but readers begin to distrust his account further as the symptoms of his psychological illness are revealed.

  Add a sense of realism to a character.   Edgar Allan Poe decided to depict Montresor as a reliable narrator despite his mental instability and tell the story just as Montresor would have told it.

ENTREPRENEURS

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      What is an entrepreneur? Is a person that takes the risk of starting and managing a business venture in order to make a profit.

Innovation   The goal is to meet an unsatisfied demand. Requires creativity. For example, Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com, realized that many consumers wanted books at discounted prices, so he started the first major online bookstore,  

Things that contribute to success:

Willingness to take calculated risks.   Take a unique financial and personal risk. Success is not guaranteed. For example, Debbi Fields, owner of Mrs. Fields, was tel to stay out of the business but she convinced a bank to finance her business and her company is worth over 450 million dollars today.

CARL LINNAEUS

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  Who was he? A Swedish botanist, explorer, and physician, best known for establishing a system of species classification and naming called the Systema Naturae.

His botanical carreer:

1.  His love for plants started during his childhood. When he was 8 years old, his nickname was "the little botanist". He went to medical school but he spent most of his time working with plants.

2. He embarked upon 2 botanical expeditions, to discover more plants that could be added to his growing list. The first version of Systema Nature was published. 

      3.  He became a professor at the University of Uppsala and became famous for his botanical job.  Many people sent him plant specimens from their native countries, making his Systema Naturae to grow more.  

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FUZZY TRACE THEORY

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    What is this about?  During any event, the brain makes traces of important information from that event.

Two distinct categories:

Gist traces   The mental image that provides a general sense of the entirety of an event. A person participating, in any event, would remember the most important parts of it. Does not provide specific details of the event, 

   Verbatim traces   Focuses on a specific detail.  Focus on details can cause false memories of the structure of an event because the verbatim traces omit the essence of the event.